Evidence mapPaperPMID 41323632Full record

ArticleFrontiers in public health2025

Global and regional burden, temporal trends, and projections of chronic pain from 1990 to 2032, and its association with cardiovascular diseases: analyses based on global burden of diseases study 2021.

Yan-Li Zhang, Xiao-Chen Wu, Xiao-Yan Chen, Feng Gao, Jian Wang

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Article in Frontiers in public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Yan-Li ZhangDepartment of Cardiovascular Surgery, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Xiao-Chen WuDepartment of Cardiovascular Surgery, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Xiao-Yan ChenDepartment of Cardiovascular Surgery, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Feng GaoDepartment of Cardiovascular Surgery, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Jian WangDepartment of Cardiovascular Surgery, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Chronic pain is a major global health problem that significantly affects quality of life and increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Methods: Using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 data, this study analyzed temporal trends in chronic pain across 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021. We further examined the influence of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), explored age- and sex-specific patterns, and projected the future burden of chronic pain through 2032. Cardiovascular diseases data were also analyzed for correlations with chronic pain. Results: Results showed a significant positive association between SDI and age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR), with higher burdens in more developed regions, especially for cancer- and arthritis-related pain. Apart from headaches, most types of chronic pain-including low back pain, neck pain, osteoarthritis-related pain, and rheumatoid arthritis-related pain-were more prevalent in older adults. Females were generally more affected by musculoskeletal and arthritis-related pain, while males showed higher rates of gout- and pancreatitis-related pain. Projections suggest that the prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis and other musculoskeletal pain will continue to rise, whereas gout-, back-, neck-, and pancreatitis-related pain are expected to decline. Notably, chronic pain showed significant positive correlations with several cardiovascular diseases, including ischemic heart disease and stroke. Discussion: The global burden of chronic pain remains substantial and unevenly distributed by sex, age, and SDI level. The observed association between chronic pain and cardiovascular diseases highlights the need for integrated management strategies targeting both conditions.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesChronic PainGlobal Burden of DiseaseGlobal HealthAdultAgedFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrevalenceage-sex subgroupscardiovascular diseasechronic painglobal burden of diseases studysocio-demographic index

Identifiers

PMID41323632
PMCPMC12660301

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.