Evidence mapPaperPMID 41323862Full record

ReviewFrontiers in sports and active living2025

Mechanisms of the biological response cascade to exercise-induced stress: a comprehensive review.

Jing Xu, Junjun Zhang, Kai Sang

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in sports and active living, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Jing XuDepartment of Police Tactics, Fujian Police College, Fuzhou, China.
Junjun ZhangDepartment of Police Tactics, Fujian Police College, Fuzhou, China.
Kai SangFujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Exercise is widely recognized as a critical determinant of health, yet its effects can diverge substantially depending on intensity, duration, and individual characteristics. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the mechanisms underlying exercise-induced stress responses, outlining a sequential cascade from biomechanical signal perception, through organelle and metabolic regulation, to systemic integration via hormonal, myokine, and immune pathways. We highlight the concept of a bidirectional threshold theory, which proposes that moderate exercise promotes adaptation and health benefits, while excessive exercise may trigger maladaptive responses and pathological outcomes. At the same time, we note that significant inter-individual variability in exercise responses raises important questions regarding the generalizability of this framework. By integrating evidence across molecular, cellular, and systemic levels, this review provides a holistic perspective on the dual effects of exercise, underscores the need for improved biomarkers to monitor adaptive vs. maladaptive responses, and identifies research gaps that must be addressed to translate these mechanisms into personalized exercise strategies.

Indexed as

adaptation and maladaptationbidirectional thresholdbiological response cascadeexercise-induced stressexercise variability

Identifiers

PMID41323862
PMCPMC12657369

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.