Evidence mapPaperPMID 41324140Full record

Observational studyJournal of advanced nursing2026

The Associations Between Nurses' Perceived Adequacy of Staffing and Quality of Nursing Care and Job Enjoyment: A Multilevel Modelling Approach.

Carmen J E M van der Mark, Paul H J Hendriks, Hester Vermeulen, Catharina J van Oostveen

Abstract readObservational StudyMulticenter Study
In one paragraph

Observational study in Journal of advanced nursing, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Carmen J E M van der MarkXimius, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7384-5413
Paul H J HendriksInstitute for Management Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Hester VermeulenIQ Health Science Department, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Catharina J van OostveenErasmus School of Health Policy & Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimTo explore the associations of (1) shift-to-shift Nurse Perceived Adequacy of Staffing Scale (NPASS) scores and (2) the relative contribution of individual NPASS items to nurse-perceived quality of care (NPQoC) and job enjoyment.

designMultihospital prospective observational study.

methodsThe study was conducted across 15 medical, surgical or acute admission hospital wards in three teaching hospitals in the Netherlands. Vocationally and bachelor-trained nurses conducted 1550 measurements of perceived adequacy of staffing using the NPASS, NPQoC and job enjoyment in 797 shifts. Multilevel models were used to assess associations between NPASS scores and NPASS items and the outcome variables.

resultsHigher NPASS scores were significantly associated with improved NPQoC and job enjoyment. An increase in 1.0 point NPASS score leads to an increase of 0.97 points in NPQoC and 1.04 points in job enjoyment. Of the NPASS items, energy level, adherence to protocols and the opportunity for adequate breaks had the most positive effect on both outcomes.

conclusionPerceived adequacy of staffing as measured by the NPASS is highly relevant for improvements in both NPQoC and job enjoyment. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION AND/OR PATIENT CARE: Decision-makers on nurse staffing should incorporate the NPASS in staffing methods to ensure adequate staffing and the associated benefits. Policies that ensure adequate breaks, adherence to protocols and maintenance of nurses' energy levels during the shift should be implemented with special attention. IMPACT: This study provides supportive evidence for incorporating nurses' perceived adequacy of staffing, as measured by the NPASS, to ensure adequate staffing. This is crucial for nurse retention, and therefore vital to maintaining accessible healthcare given the global nursing shortages. REPORTING

methodThe STROBE checklist was used to conduct and describe the study. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: This study did not include patient or public involvement in its design, conduct or reporting.

Indexed as

Job SatisfactionNursing Staff, HospitalPersonnel Staffing and SchedulingQuality of Health CareAdultAttitude of Health PersonnelFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNetherlandsProspective Studiesjob enjoymentnurse perceived quality of carenurse staffingperceived adequacy of staffingshift‐level analysis

Identifiers

PMID41324140
PMCPMC13356310

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.