Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41324776›Full record

ArticleClinical pharmacokinetics2026

Factors Accounting for Pharmacodynamic Variability of Basal Insulin Preparations in Euglycemic Clamp Settings in Healthy Individuals.

Hui Liu, Ting Li, Hongling Yu, Xinlei Chen, Jiaqi Li, Huiwen Tan, Yerong Yu

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Article in Clinical pharmacokinetics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Hui LiuDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Lane No.37, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Ting LiHealth Management Center, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Hongling YuDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Lane No.37, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Xinlei ChenDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Lane No.37, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Jiaqi LiDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Lane No.37, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Huiwen TanDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Lane No.37, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Yerong YuDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Lane No.37, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China. yerongyu@scu.edu.cn.ORCID 0000-0003-0103-0087

Funding

HEC Pharmaceutical Co., LtdJilin Huisheng Biopharmaceutical Co., LtdZhejiang Hisun Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe euglycemic clamp technique is a standard method for assessing the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of insulin biosimilars compared to their reference products. Despite similar pharmacokinetic profiles, differences in the pharmacodynamic profiles between a basal insulin biosimilar and its reference product are not uncommon. This study aimed to identify potential factors contributing to this phenomenon.

methodsData were collected from euglycemic clamp studies comparing the PK/PD profiles of an insulin degludec biosimilar (BioIDeg) and the reference product, Tresiba. The ratio of the area under the curve of IDeg from 0 to 24 h (AUC

resultsFifty-eight healthy subjects were included, with 20 in group A and 38 in group B. Significant differences were found in target blood glucose (BG), basal C-peptide, AUC

conclusionVariations in target BG might contribute to PD variability of long-acting insulin preparations in euglycemic clamp settings in healthy individuals.

Indexed as

Biosimilar PharmaceuticalsHypoglycemic AgentsInsulin, Long-ActingAdultArea Under CurveBlood GlucoseFemaleGlucose Clamp TechniqueHealthy VolunteersHumansMaleMiddle AgedYoung AdultBiosimilar PharmaceuticalsBlood GlucoseHypoglycemic Agentsinsulin degludecInsulin, Long-Acting

Identifiers

PMID41324776

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.