Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41324826›Full record

SynthesisClinical and experimental nephrology2026

Dialysis modality and cognitive outcomes in chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Ali Malik, Hamid Reza Khademi Mansour, Sukruth Pradeep Kundur, Aryan Hunjan, Rumail Zaheer

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Clinical and experimental nephrology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Ali Malik *Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK. ali.t.malik@kcl.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0001-4168-0589
Hamid Reza Khademi Mansour *Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
Sukruth Pradeep KundurFaculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
Aryan HunjanFaculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
Rumail ZaheerGeorge's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCognitive impairment is a prevalent comorbidity in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). While hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) are established renal replacement therapies, their relative effects on cognitive outcomes remain unclear. This meta-analysis compared cognitive outcomes between HD and PD in CKD patients.

methodsThe protocol was prospectively registered on PROSPERO (CRD42024602533). PubMed, CENTRAL, Embase, Medline, Web of Science, PsychInfo, and CINAHL were searched from January 2000 to January 2025. Eligible studies included cohort studies of adult patients undergoing HD versus PD. Primary outcomes were cognitive function and dementia incidence. A random-effects meta-analysis model was used. Risk of bias was assessed using ROBINS-I, and evidence quality was evaluated using GRADE. Methodological rigor was benchmarked against previous reviews using AMSTAR 2.0.

resultsThe search identified 1489 studies, of which 26, involving 326,216 patients, were included. There was a statistically significant difference in overall cognitive function between HD and PD (SMD: -0.46; 95% CI: -0.62 to -0.29; p < 0.00001; I

conclusionsQuantitative analyses revealed significant evidence, and qualitative trends suggest PD may be associated with better cognitive outcomes in select domains. These findings underscore the need to individualize dialysis modality decisions based on cognitive risk profiles and conduct further standardized research.

Indexed as

CognitionCognitive DysfunctionDementiaPeritoneal DialysisRenal DialysisRenal Insufficiency, ChronicHumansIncidenceRisk FactorsTreatment OutcomeChronic kidney diseaseHaemodialysisPeritoneal dialysis

Identifiers

PMID41324826
PMCPMC12950099

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.