Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41326480›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Biochar from invasive weeds for enhanced removal of organic pollutants and pathogens from municipal wastewater.

Poonam Poonia, Loveena Gaur, Sangeeta Parihar, Raina Jadhav, Vijendra Singh Solanki, Annu, Rustem Zairov, M H Fulekar, Virendra Kumar Yadav

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Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Poonam PooniaFaculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342011, India.
Loveena GaurFaculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342011, India.
Sangeeta PariharFaculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342011, India.
Raina JadhavDepartment of Chemistry, ISR, IPS Academy, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 452007, India.
Vijendra Singh SolankiDepartment of Chemistry, ISR, IPS Academy, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 452007, India.
AnnuMaterials Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan-si, 38541, Republic of Korea. annuchem92@gmail.com.
Rustem ZairovArbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center RAS, 8 Arbuzov Str., Kazan, Russian Federation, 420088.
M H FulekarResearch and Development Cell, Parul University, Wagodia, Vadodara, Gujarat, 391760, India. madhusudan.fulekar85058@paruluniversity.ac.in.
Virendra Kumar YadavMarwadi University Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Marwadi University, Rajkot Morbi, Highway, Rajkot, Gujarat, 360003, India. yadava94@gmail.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Agro-waste management and waste water treatment is one of the major global issues. The present study investigated biochars derived from invasive weeds Calotropis gigantea, Crotalaria burhia, and Tephrosia purpurea for municipal wastewater treatment in Jodhpur, India. Biochars produced at 450 °C yielded 31% (C. gigantea), 33.23% (C. burhia), and 30.18% (T. purpurea). Untreated wastewater showed high pollutant loads, including COD (369 mg/L), BOD (58 mg/L), turbidity (66 NTU), color (175 Hazen), SAR (13.07), and coliform count (177.5 ± 4.86 MPN/100 mL). Treatment with biochar improved water quality within 4 h of residence time. C. burhia exhibited the highest efficiency which reduced COD and BOD by 89% and 88.27%, respectively, followed by C. gigantea (65.85%, 63.41%) and T. purpurea (66.39%, 60.34%). Dissolved oxygen increased by 51.35% with C. burhia, 37.83% with C. gigantea, and 32.43% with T. purpurea. Turbidity and color removal efficiencies were highest for C. gigantea (77.71%) and C. burhia (75.43%), while SAR declined by 38.79%, 29.84%, and 25.78%, respectively, enhancing irrigation suitability. Total coliform counts decreased by up to 73.33% with C. burhia. Overall, invasive weed-derived biochars with high fixed carbon (64-81%) proved sustainable, low-cost alternatives for wastewater remediation while addressing invasive species management.

Indexed as

CharcoalPlant WeedsWastewaterWater Pollutants, ChemicalWater PurificationIndiaIntroduced SpeciesWaste Disposal, FluidbiocharCharcoalWastewaterWater Pollutants, ChemicalEnvironmental sustainabilityInvasive weed biocharPyrolysisSDG 12: responsible consumption and productionSDG 15: life on landSDG 2: zero hungerSDG 6: Clean water and sanitation

Identifiers

PMID41326480
PMCPMC12739165

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.