Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41327052›Full record

ArticleBMC primary care2025

Association between polypharmacy and hypertension in the Iranian population aged 50 years or older: Iranian Multicenter Osteoporosis Study (IMOS-2021).

Sanaz Bordbar, Neda Cheraghloo, Sarmad Salehi, Kazem Khalagi, Safoora Gharibzadeh, Pardis Zarepour, Mohanna Khojasteh, Ozra Tabatabaei-Malazy, Bagher Larijani

Abstract readMulticenter Study
In one paragraph

Article in BMC primary care, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Sanaz Bordbar *Non‑Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.ORCID 0000-0003-4421-8151
Neda Cheraghloo *Non‑Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.ORCID 0000-0003-1924-3435
Sarmad SalehiNon‑Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.ORCID 0009-0002-7345-150X
Kazem KhalagiOsteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.ORCID 0000-0002-0890-6232
Safoora GharibzadehLeicester Real World Evidence Unit, Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE5 4PW, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-4535-4040
Pardis ZarepourNon‑Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.ORCID 0009-0000-9929-6259
Mohanna KhojastehDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.ORCID 0009-0002-3123-0821
Ozra Tabatabaei-MalazyEndocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. tabatabaeiml@sina.tums.ac.ir.ORCID 0000-0003-0188-9721
Bagher LarijaniEndocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.ORCID 0000-0001-5386-7597

Funding

Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 1403-4-221-75427
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHypertension is a major global health concern associated with chronic conditions, particularly in aged adults. Managing these conditions often requires multiple medications, raising the risk of polypharmacy. This study evaluates the association between polypharmacy and blood pressure (BP) status among hypertensives versus normotensives, also analyzing demographic and comorbidity factors.

methodsThis cross-sectional population-based study examined data from the national Iranian Multicenter Osteoporosis Study (IMOS-2021), which utilized a multi-stage random sampling to gather data of aged ≥ 50 years. Polypharmacy and hypertension (HTN) were defined as the use of ≥ 3 or ≥ 5 medications, and systolic BP (SBP) ≥ 140 and diastolic BP (DBP) ≥ 90 mmHg, respectively. Multiple logistic regression models were used to assess the association. Fully adjusted model was including age, sex, waist circumference, residencial area, employment, education, alcohol consumption, and smoking.

resultsThis study of 1,368 Iranians found a higher association between polypharmacy and HTN versus normotension (≥ 3 drugs: 43.03% vs. 17.93% ; ≥5 drugs: 19.95% vs. 6.01%). This association was more prevalent among older adults, females, rural residents, and those with ≥ 2 comorbidities. Uncontrolled HTN was significantly linked to increased medication use (adjusted Odds Ratio 1.15 per added drug).

conclusionsDue to the significant association between polypharmacy and HTN, especially uncontrolled HTN, in older adults, physicians should be aware of the potential adverse effect of unnecessary prescriptions on the health of aged HTN patients.

Indexed as

Antihypertensive AgentsHypertensionPolypharmacyAgedComorbidityCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansIranLogistic ModelsMaleMiddle AgedPrevalenceRisk FactorsAntihypertensive AgentsHTNHypertensionIranPolypharmacyPopulation-based

Identifiers

PMID41327052
PMCPMC12667058

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.