ArticleBMC pediatrics2025
Surveillance of bloodstream infections in pediatric patients for 11 years: what was the COVID-19 impact?
Article in BMC pediatrics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundBloodstream infections (BSIs) are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Although frequently studied in adults, data on pediatric patients remain limited. This study evaluated the epidemiology of BSIs in children from 2013 to 2023, associating antibacterial consumption with bacterial resistance, including comparisons between pre- and post-COVID-19 periods in a Brazilian teaching hospital.
methodsThis retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed 15.369 blood cultures (BC) collected from patients under 18 years old between January 2013 and December 2023. All positive BC were included. Blood samples were incubated using the BACTEC™ system. Species identification and antibacterial susceptibility testing were performed via the BD-Phoenix™ system. A PCR-based assay was used to detect carbapenemase-encoding genes in Gram-negative bacilli (GNB). Data analysis was performed using Microsoft® Excel®.
resultsA total of 266 isolates were recovered from 224 pediatric patients. Of these, 138 (51.9%) were Gram-positive cocci (GPC), 105 (39.5%) were GNB and 21 (7.9%) were Fungi. Infants (< 1 year) represented the majority of cases (143/224; 63.8%) with GPC predominating (59.6%), especially S. epidermidis (46/166; 28%). GPCs were also predominant in adolescents (13 to < 18 years; 50%). GNBs were more frequent in the 1-6 and 7-12-year groups, with Klebsiella pneumoniae being the most common (13.6% and 5.6%, respectively), including one bla
conclusionsWhile the COVID-19 pandemic did not alter the overall bacterial trends in pediatric BSIs, it was associated with the emergence of fungal infections and rising MICs-even in the absence of increasing resistance rates. These findings reinforce the importance for continuous AMR surveillance in pediatric populations.
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