Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41327435›Full record

ArticleJournal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation2025

Imbalance, compensation, and rigidity in brain functional connectivity and microstates among older adults with cognitive impairment.

Feng Ding, Shuqi Jia, Xin Xin, Shufan Li, Cong Liu, Zhaohui Guo, Qing Liu, Xiaochen Ma, Chen Wei, Xing Wang

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Feng DingSchool of physical education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China.
Shuqi JiaSchool of physical education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China.
Xin XinSchool of physical education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China.
Shufan LiSchool of physical education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China.
Cong LiuSchool of physical education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China.
Zhaohui GuoSchool of physical education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China.
Qing LiuSchool of physical education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China.
Xiaochen MaSchool of physical education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China.
Chen WeiSchool of Sports Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, 110034, China.
Xing WangSchool of physical education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China. wangxing1933@sus.edu.cn.

Funding

National Social Science Fund Project: Research on the Dose-Effect Relationship and Application Strategies of Physical Exercise in Delaying Cognitive Decline in Older Adults 22BTY076Shanghai Key Laboratory of Human Performance Development and Guarantee 11DZ2261100
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThis study seeks to analyze the coordinated patterns of spontaneous neural activity and instantaneous electrical activity in the brain using dual-dimensional indicators of brain functional connectivity and microstates, aiming to identify potential biomarkers for early screening and precise classification.

methodsA case-control study design was utilized, with 195 older adults suffering from cognitive impairment (with a roughly equal distribution of mild and moderate cases) serving as the case group, and 65 healthy older adults matched as the control group. Participants were required to complete a demographic questionnaire, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale, the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, after which 5 min of eyes-closed resting EEG signals were recorded.

resultsSignificant differences were observed in the average strength and density of brain functional connectivity within the δ and θ frequency bands among older adults with different cognitive levels, indicating that higher average strength and density corresponded to more severe cognitive impairment (P < 0.05). Older adults with varying cognitive levels showed significant differences in both static features (Duration, Coverage, Occurrence) and dynamic features (transition probabilities) of microstates A, B, C, and D (P < 0.05). In terms of static features, stronger temporal characteristics of microstates B and D were associated with greater severity of cognitive impairment, while microstate A demonstrated the most pronounced temporal characteristics during the mild cognitive impairment stage (P < 0.05). In dynamic features, healthy older adults primarily exhibited bidirectional balanced transitions between A/C↔C/A and B/D↔D/B, while those with mild cognitive impairment displayed transitional characteristics in the paths A→B/D and C→D. In contrast, older adults with moderate to severe cognitive impairment showed significantly enhanced directed transitions from microstates B/D to A/C (P < 0.05).

conclusionOlder adults with mild cognitive impairment demonstrated increased abnormal and redundant brain functional connectivity, inefficiency in microstate C, and compensatory mechanisms in low-frequency connectivity in brain functions as well as microstates A, B, and D. Older adults with moderate to severe cognitive impairment displayed sustained compensatory mechanisms in brain functional connectivity and microstates, characterized by dominant abnormal and redundant connections, along with pathological hypersynchrony in microstates B and D, which persisted until rigidity set in.

Indexed as

BrainCognitive DysfunctionNerve NetAgedAged, 80 and overCase-Control StudiesElectroencephalographyFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedBiomarkersBrain functional connectivityCognitive impairmentEEGMicrostatesOlder adults

Identifiers

PMID41327435
PMCPMC12667136

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.