ArticleActa neuropathologica communications2025
Human neural stem cell-derived exosomes promote functional recovery in subarachnoid hemorrhage via bdnf/trkb pathway activation and astrocyte modulation.
Article in Acta neuropathologica communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating neurological condition with limited therapeutic options for mitigating secondary brain injury. This study investigates the neuroprotective potential of exosomes derived from human neural stem cells (hNSC-exo) in a rat SAH model, focusing on their molecular mechanisms through single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and transcriptomic profiling. This study demonstrated that hNSC-exo administration significantly ameliorated neurological deficits, reduced blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, and attenuated neuronal damage post-SAH. Behavioral assessments revealed improved cognitive and motor recovery in hNSC-exo-treated rats, supported by histopathological evidence of preserved neuronal architecture and reduced edema. scRNA-seq analysis revealed a marked increase in astrocyte proportions and vitality following hNSC-exo treatment, alongside suppression of neurotoxic microglial activation. Transcriptomic profiling identified the BDNF/TRKB signaling pathway as a critical mediator, with hNSC-exo upregulating BDNF and TRKB expression both in vivo and in vitro. Functional validation confirmed that hNSC-exo enhanced astrocyte survival via BDNF/TRKB activation, while knockdown of BDNF or TRKB reversed these protective effects. Furthermore, hNSC-exo mitigated neuroinflammation by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-18) and microglial C1q expression. These findings highlight hNSC-exo as a novel therapeutic strategy for SAH, leveraging astrocyte-mediated neuroprotection and BDNF/TRKB pathway activation to counteract secondary injury. This study provides mechanistic insights into exosome-based therapies and underscores their potential for clinical translation in cerebrovascular disorders.
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