Observational studyInfectious diseases of poverty2025
Co-infection and interaction of enteric pathogens in acute diarrhea among children under five years: a large-scale multicenter observational study from China.
Observational study in Infectious diseases of poverty, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Early-Life Diarrhea Disrupts Antioxidant-Immune Homeostasis and Gut Microbiota in Suckling Calves.Biology · 2026Article
- Rapid and low-cost detection of six major pediatric enteric pathogens using a closed-tube PCR-invasive reaction assay.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
18 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDiarrhea remains a major health concern in children under five years, with enteric pathogens being key contributors. However, the interactions among these pathogens and their combined effects on disease severity are not well understood. The study investigates the interactions among co-infecting enteric pathogens on diarrhea pathogenesis within an epidemiological framework.
methodsThis large-scale, multicenter case-control study was conducted from January 1, 2024 to December 31, 2024, across four tertiary hospitals in Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China. Stool samples were collected from children under five years with diarrhea (cases) and those without (non-diarrheal children). 21 enteric pathogens in each specimen were identified. Potential interactions between co-infecting pathogens were assessed using both additive and multiplicative models.
resultsEnteric pathogens were more frequently detected in children with diarrhea than in non-diarrheal children (53.6% vs. 27.8%, P < 0.001), with significantly higher detection of both viral (23.3% vs. 13.3%) and bacterial pathogens (34.2% vs. 12.5%). Pathogens independently associated with diarrhea included diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC), Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Clostridioides difficile (CD), group A rotavirus (RVA), and Norovirus GII (NoVs GII). The proportion of children with any form of co-infection was also significantly higher in the diarrhea group compared with non-diarrheal children (16.1% vs. 4.5%, χ
conclusionThis study demonstrates the frequent occurrence of co-infections in diarrheal children, and enteric pathogens may interact synergistically or antagonistically. It highlights the central role of RVA in exacerbating the severity of these co-infections. The findings emphasize the critical role of RVA vaccination in alleviating the burden and severity of diarrhea. Trial Registration The study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR-ROC-17013620).
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.