Evidence mapPaperPMID 41328337Full record

ReviewTheranostics2026

Recent advances and challenges in hydrogel-based delivery of immunomodulatory strategies for diabetic wound healing.

Longyu Du, Chuanlu Lin, Haifeng Hu, Yanzhi Zhao, Jiewen Liao, Fawwaz Al-Smadi, Bobin Mi, Yiqiang Hu, Guohui Liu

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Theranostics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Longyu DuDepartment of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
Chuanlu LinDepartment of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
Haifeng HuDepartment of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
Yanzhi ZhaoDepartment of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
Jiewen LiaoDepartment of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
Fawwaz Al-SmadiDepartment of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
Bobin MiDepartment of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
Yiqiang HuDepartment of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
Guohui LiuDepartment of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Chronic wounds associated with diabetes present considerable clinical hurdles, primarily due to delayed tissue repair and dysregulated immune activity. The imbalance in immune responses, including impaired macrophage polarization, excessive neutrophil activation, and oxidative stress, further hampers the healing process. The application of immunomodulatory biologics as a novel treatment method for diabetic wounds often yields limited results due to rapid degradation and lack of targeting. Hydrogels not only prevent rapid drug degradation but also allow for conditional responsiveness and targeted delivery. Therefore, hydrogels loaded with immunomodulatory biologics emerge as a promising strategy, offering the capacity to reshape the immune milieu and promote regenerative outcomes. This review first outlines the role of immune system during the healing processes in normal and diabetic wounds. It then discusses the latest advancements in hydrogel delivery systems as part of immune-modulatory interventions, wherein hydrogels serve as pivotal carriers for (i) cell delivery, such as stem cells and macrophages; (ii) extracellular vesicles derived from both cellular and tissue sources, as well as extracellular vesicle mimetics; and (iii) bioactive substances, including oxygen-releasing microspheres, nanomaterials, and cytokines. Finally, this review focuses on the limitations of modulating immune responses in diabetic wound healing and proposes potential future directions.

Indexed as

Diabetes MellitusDrug Delivery SystemsHydrogelsImmunologic FactorsImmunomodulating AgentsWound HealingAnimalsHumansImmunomodulationHydrogelsImmunologic FactorsImmunomodulating Agentsbiomaterialsdiabetic woundsextracellular vesicleshydrogelsimmunomodulation

Identifiers

PMID41328337
PMCPMC12665143

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.