Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41328354›Full record

ReviewTheranostics2026

Engineering exosomes for targeted neurodegenerative therapy: innovations in biogenesis, drug loading, and clinical translation.

Qinqin Huang, Shile Wang, Zeming Liu, Lang Rao, Ke Cheng, Xiaobo Mao

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Theranostics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
27citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

27 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Qinqin HuangSchool of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China.
Shile WangSchool of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China.
Zeming LiuDepartment of Plastic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
Lang RaoInstitute of Chemical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China.
Ke ChengDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York 10027, USA.
Xiaobo MaoNeuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington's disease (HD) and multiple sclerosis (MS), are characterized by progressive neuronal dysfunction and limited therapeutic options, largely due to the restrictive nature of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Exosomes, naturally occurring extracellular vesicles (EVs), have gained attention as innovative drug delivery vehicles owing to their intrinsic ability to cross the BBB, minimal immunogenicity, high biocompatibility, and capability to carry diverse therapeutic cargos such as proteins, nucleic acids, and small molecules. Furthermore, exosomes can be bioengineered to enhance drug-loading efficiency and targeting specificity, positioning them as a versatile and effective platform for treating NDDs. In this review, we summarize recent advances in exosome biogenesis, secretion, and engineering, with an emphasis on innovative strategies for exosome isolation, drug loading, and surface modification. We further explore their roles in modulating neuroinflammation, promoting neural regeneration, and enabling precise therapeutic delivery. Critical challenges associated with large-scale production, quality control, and regulatory compliance under Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) are also discussed. Collectively, these developments underscore the transformative potential of engineered exosomes in advancing precision therapies for neurodegenerative disorders and offer strategic insights into their clinical translation.

Indexed as

Drug Delivery SystemsExosomesNeurodegenerative DiseasesAnimalsBioengineeringBlood-Brain BarrierHumansTranslational Research, Biomedicalblood-brain barrier (BBB)clinical trialsdrug deliveryexosomesneurodegenerative diseases (NDDs)targeted therapy

Identifiers

PMID41328354
PMCPMC12665144

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.