Evidence mapPaperPMID 41328795Full record

ReviewEuropean journal of clinical investigation2026

Muscle health in the modern era of incretin-based therapies.

Giuseppe De Girolamo, Moris Sangineto, Giuseppe Di Gioia, Rossella Bianco, Martina Ciarnelli, Gaetano Serviddio

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in European journal of clinical investigation, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Muscle health in the modern era of incretin-based therapies.European journal of clinical investigation · 2026
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Giuseppe De GirolamoInternal Medicine and Liver Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2053-4396
Moris SanginetoInternal Medicine and Liver Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0936-8843
Giuseppe Di GioiaInternal Medicine and Liver Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
Rossella BiancoInternal Medicine and Liver Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
Martina CiarnelliInternal Medicine and Liver Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
Gaetano ServiddioInternal Medicine and Liver Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIntentional weight loss improves obesity-related outcomes but reduces lean body mass, raising concern about skeletal muscle mass, function and long-term health. GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) produce clinically meaningful weight loss primarily by lowering energy intake and slowing gastric emptying, with additional benefits on insulin sensitivity and inflammation.

objectiveTo clarify GLP-1RAs' effects on skeletal muscle tissue, body composition and physical function by reviewing preclinical and clinical evidence.

findingsAcross randomized and controlled studies, GLP-1RAs reduce fat mass more than lean body mass. Functional measures appear preserved. Preclinical and early clinical data suggest improvements in muscle quality (microvascular recruitment, mitochondrial efficiency, reduced intramuscular fat) rather than hypertrophy.

conclusionsGLP-1RA-induced weight loss is largely fat mass with modest absolute lean body mass decline and no consistent deterioration in strength or function. Progressive resistance training, adequate/high-quality protein and periodic monitoring of body composition and performance should accompany therapy, especially in higher-risk patients.

Indexed as

Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsIncretinsMuscle, SkeletalObesityWeight LossBody CompositionHumansInsulin ResistanceMuscle StrengthGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsIncretinsGIPGLP‐1GLP‐1RAmuscle lossweight loss

Identifiers

PMID41328795
PMCPMC12825403

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.