ArticleCell host & microbe2025
Cryptococcus exploits delayed microglial activation, and microglial osteopontin/Spp1 impairs peripheral host control.
Article in Cell host & microbe, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Tissue-Resident Macrophages: Linking Physiology and Inflammation in Infection.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2026Review
- Article
- Cryptococcal Infection Across Disease Stages: Host-Pathogen Interactions, Tissue Niches, and Translational Priorities.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Distinct STRIPAK subunits drive conserved and subunit-specific signaling programs inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Osteopontin in the Central Nervous System: Roles in Development, Injury, Neurodegeneration, and Neuro-Oncology.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Microglia and neuroinflammation: function, heterogeneity, and crosstalk.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Review
- Hidden battles: dissecting host-fungal interactions and immune heterogeneity in infection outcomes.mSphere · 2026Review
- Microglia sense fungal infections through capsular components from capillary-bound Cryptococcus neoformans via endothelial nucleotide signaling.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- Microglial dectin-1/Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Cryptococcus, a neurotropic fungus classified as a critical-priority pathogen by the World Health Organization (WHO), causes cryptococcal meningoencephalitis (CM), the second leading cause of death in HIV/AIDS patients. Despite its clinical importance, host brain responses during CM remain poorly understood. In a mouse systemic infection model, Cryptococcus infiltrates the brain within a day. However, full activation of microglia and recruitment of leukocytes takes 14 days, a delay not observed in brain infections caused by Candida albicans. Microglia exhibit limited ability to directly detect Cryptococcus, and their activation depends on interferon (IFN)-γ from Th1 cells. Therefore, adaptive immunity (Th1 responses) precedes innate immune responses (microglial activation) in the brain during CM. Moreover, microglia-derived osteopontin (OPN/Spp1) exacerbates CM by altering peripheral immunity and increasing fungal loads in peripheral organs. These findings reveal a uniquely slow host cellular response to Cryptococcus brain infiltration, allowing the fungus an extended window to establish the infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.