Evidence mapPaperPMID 41333512Full record

ReviewCureus2025

Appropriate Intervention Diets to Manage Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among Adults in Australia: A Systematic Review.

Abdullah S Almarhabi, Ali E Alkhari, Ahmed Binmahfoz, Adel O Tawhari, Sultan A Almehwari

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Abdullah S AlmarhabiDepartment of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, AUS.
Ali E AlkhariDepartment of Health Programs, Ministry of Health, Al-Qunfudhah, SAU.
Ahmed BinmahfozDepartment of Public Health, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Leith, SAU.
Adel O TawhariDepartment of Laboratory Sciences, Eastern Health Cluster, Dammam, SAU.
Sultan A AlmehwariDepartment of Family and Community Medicine, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, SAU.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterised by insulin resistance and hyperglycaemia, contributing to significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, including in Australia. This systematic review aimed to explore the most appropriate dietary interventions for managing T2DM among Australian adults. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, databases including PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Google Scholar were searched for studies published between 2010 and 2025. Eligible studies involved Australian adults with diagnosed T2DM and evaluated the effects of low-carbohydrate, Mediterranean, vegetarian, vegan, or intermittent fasting (IF) diets on glycaemic control, weight management, and diabetes-related complications. Thirteen studies, comprising randomised controlled trials, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews, met the inclusion criteria. Findings indicated that low-carbohydrate diets effectively improved glycaemic control and reduced HbA1c and fasting glucose levels. The Mediterranean diet showed strong evidence for improving glycaemic parameters, enhancing cardiovascular health, and reducing insulin resistance. Vegetarian and vegan diets improved insulin sensitivity and glycaemic control due to high intake of fibre, antioxidants, and unsaturated fats, while IF demonstrated modest benefits in HbA1c reduction and weight loss. Overall, all five dietary interventions were beneficial for T2DM management, but the Mediterranean and low-carbohydrate diets showed the most consistent and sustained improvements in metabolic outcomes. These findings support integrating dietary modification into diabetes care programs in Australia. Further research is warranted to determine long-term adherence, safety, and the optimal dietary approach for individualised management of T2DM.

Indexed as

australiadiabetes mellitus type 2dietinterventionsystematic review

Identifiers

PMID41333512
PMCPMC12667557

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.