Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41334050›Full record

ArticleCurrent developments in nutrition2025

Vitamin D Nutritional Status in the Middle East and North Africa Region: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

François Machuron, Robin Dessalles, Léa Ribet, Hayat Bentouhami, Joséphine Escutnaire, Nele Brusselaers, Mickael Durand-Dubief

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Current developments in nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

François MachuronLesaffre Institute of Science & Technology, Lesaffre, Marcq-en-Barœul, France.
Robin DessallesNutrition & Health, Robin Dessalles EI, Lyon, France.
Léa RibetLesaffre Institute of Science & Technology, Lesaffre, Marcq-en-Barœul, France.
Hayat BentouhamiDepartment of Family Medicine and Population Health, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
Joséphine EscutnaireGnosis Research and Development Department, Gnosis by Lesaffre, Lesaffre, Marcq-en-Baroeul, France.
Nele BrusselaersDepartment of Family Medicine and Population Health, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
Mickael Durand-DubiefLesaffre Institute of Science & Technology, Lesaffre, Marcq-en-Barœul, France.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Adequate vitamin D status is crucial for health, especially for skeletal health. The prevention of vitamin D deficiency disorders represents a major public health challenge in countries with low sunlight exposure. Nonetheless, several studies conducted in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region have reported surprisingly high prevalences of vitamin D deficiency, despite high sunlight availability. Even in those countries, dietary and lifestyle recommendations, including nutritional fortification policies, may be needed. Objectives: The present study aimed to systematically update and assess the vitamin D status in the MENA region using a meta-analysis approach. Methods: This meta-analysis included 41 studies (2000-2022) evaluating serum vitamin D levels in healthy MENA adult populations, using pooled analyses and meta-regressions to assess the overall levels, sex differences, and the impact of covariates such as age and body mass index (BMI). Some studies identified as source of heterogeneity were excluded, and random-effects models were used in meta-analyses to control variability of effect sizes. Registration ID https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/FK4WM. Results: High variability from country to country was observed in vitamin D status in the MENA region, ranging from 9 ± 7 to 88 ± 76 nmol/L. The overall mean serum vitamin D concentration was 46 (95% confidence interval: 40, 52) nmol/L (below the recommended cutoff of 50 nmol/L), with a 4 nmol/L higher level in men compared with women, and no significant impact of age or BMI. Conclusions: This meta-analysis provides a comprehensive assessment of vitamin D status in adults from the MENA region, highlighting the widespread vitamin D deficiency in the region, with potential gender differences, but no clear impact of age or BMI-findings that could reinforce targeted, regional public health strategies to improve vitamin D status through lifestyle and nutrition.

Indexed as

dietary fortificationgender differencesMiddle East and North Africa (MENA)public health strategiesserum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]vitamin D deficiency

Identifiers

PMID41334050
PMCPMC12666523

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.