Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41334827›Full record

ArticleAnaesthesia2026

Venous thromboembolism risk following surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Andrew Jackson, David J Humes, Amir Mehrkar, Sebastian C J Bacon, Simon Davy, Ben Goldacre, Joe West, Colin J Crooks

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Anaesthesia, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Andrew JacksonGastrointestinal and Liver Theme, National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK.
David J HumesGastrointestinal and Liver Theme, National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7071-4098
Amir MehrkarBennett Institute for Applied Data Science, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2098-1278
Sebastian C J BaconBennett Institute for Applied Data Science, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Simon DavyBennett Institute for Applied Data Science, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Ben GoldacreBennett Institute for Applied Data Science, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5127-4728
Joe WestGastrointestinal and Liver Theme, National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1135-9356
Colin J CrooksGastrointestinal and Liver Theme, National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6794-6621

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionSARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism. Data are lacking on how this risk altered during the COVID-19 pandemic and following vaccination. We aimed to evaluate the 90-day risk of postoperative venous thromboembolism during the pandemic.

methodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study of patients having abdominal, obstetric, orthopaedic, cardiac, thoracic or vascular surgical procedures using the OpenSAFELY-TPP platform. Crude 90-day risks of venous thromboembolism were calculated and crude and adjusted hazard ratios were derived from individual Cox proportional hazards models.

resultsIn total, 1,800,540 procedures were performed with 15,390 individual venous thromboembolic events recorded within 90 days. The highest crude absolute risk was in the Alpha wave at 1.2%. Postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with a 4.4-fold increase in relative risk of 90-day venous thromboembolism (adjusted hazard ratio 4.42, 95%CI 4.21-4.64) compared with those without. Recent SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (adjusted hazard ratio 4.03, 95%CI 3.78-4.30) compared with those without. Patients who were unvaccinated had the highest relative risk for 90-day venous thromboembolism. A single dose of vaccine was associated with a 20% relative risk reduction of venous thromboembolism (adjusted hazard ratio 0.80, 95%CI 0.76-0.84). DISCUSSION: SARS-CoV-2 infection status and vaccination history were associated with 90-day venous thromboembolism risk, with both recent and postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection associated with an increased risk, whilst one dose of vaccine reduced the risk.

Indexed as

COVID-19Postoperative ComplicationsSurgical Procedures, OperativeVenous ThromboembolismAdultAgedCohort StudiesCOVID-19 VaccinesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPandemicsRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsCOVID-19 VaccinesCOVID‐19surgeryvaccinevenous thromboembolism

Identifiers

PMID41334827
PMCPMC13065907

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.