Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41335163›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of clinical pharmacy2026

Severe cutaneous adverse reactions linked to medications in children and adolescents: a pharmacovigilance study based on the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System database.

Yaping Xiao, Hu Guo, Lijuan Deng, Jieyao Huang, Qiuyan Sun

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Article in International journal of clinical pharmacy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Yaping Xiao *Department of Pharmacy, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, 165 Xincheng Road, Wanzhou District, Chongqing, 404000, China.
Hu Guo *Department of Pharmacy, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, 165 Xincheng Road, Wanzhou District, Chongqing, 404000, China.
Lijuan DengDepartment of Pharmacy, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, 165 Xincheng Road, Wanzhou District, Chongqing, 404000, China.
Jieyao HuangDepartment of Pharmacy, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, 165 Xincheng Road, Wanzhou District, Chongqing, 404000, China.
Qiuyan SunDepartment of Pharmacy, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, 165 Xincheng Road, Wanzhou District, Chongqing, 404000, China. 18696850703@163.com.

Funding

the 2024 Science-Health Collaborative Research Program of the Wanzhou District, Chongqing wzwjw-kw2024034
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionSevere cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs) are rare but potentially life-threatening. Children and adolescents are especially vulnerable due to developmental pharmacology, immature immune systems, and limited premarketing safety data. However, large-scale evidence of drug-specific SCAR patterns in pediatric populations remains limited.

aimTo investigate the epidemiology, clinical features, drug associations, and safety signals of SCARs in children and adolescents using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).

methodReports of SCARs in patients aged ≤ 18 years were retrieved from FAERS from Q1 2004 to Q2 2024 and identified using narrow-scope Standardised MedDRA Queries (SMQs). Data cleaning followed the FDA-recommended procedures. Disproportionality analysis was performed using four methods: Reporting Odds Ratio (ROR), Proportional Reporting Ratio (PRR), Bayesian Confidence Propagation Neural Network (BCPNN; yielding Information Component, IC), Multi-item Gamma Poisson Shrinker (MGPS), and empirical Bayes geometric mean (EBGM). Drug-label reviews were used to compare the signal detection results with existing safety warnings.

resultsA total of 7183 pediatric SCAR reports were included. The number of reports has increased over time, with adolescents (13-17 years) and school-aged children (7-12 years) accounting for 68% of cases. The most frequently reported Preferred Terms were drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS; 32.5%), Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS; 27.9%), and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN; 19.0%). Hospitalization occurred in 64.5% of cases, and 6.3% were fatal. Among the 2005 cases with available onset time, 82.7% developed within 30 days of drug exposure. Thirty-eight drugs showed positive signals, including lamotrigine, phenytoin, sulfamethoxazole, and phenobarbital. Four drugs, ranitidine, anakinra, clonazepam, and rifampin, showed signals without corresponding warnings in the FDA pediatric labeling.

conclusionSCARs in children and adolescents show distinct patterns, high hospitalization and mortality, and strong links with antiepileptics and anti-infectives. Strengthening pediatric pharmacovigilance, implementing risk-alert systems, and promoting genotype-guided prescribing may help prevent these severe reactions.

Indexed as

Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting SystemsDatabases, FactualDrug EruptionsDrug-Related Side Effects and Adverse ReactionsPharmacovigilanceUnited States Food and Drug AdministrationAdolescentChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansInfantMaleSeverity of Illness IndexStevens-Johnson SyndromeUnited StatesAdolescentAdverse drug reaction reporting systemsChildFAERSPharmacovigilanceReal-world evidenceSevere cutaneous adverse reactions

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.