Observational studyBMJ open diabetes research & care2025
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and kidney disease progression in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: the Fukushima Cohort Study.
Observational study in BMJ open diabetes research & care, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Association between the uric acid to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and estimated glomerular filtration rate decline in community-managed patients with type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Cross-sectional association of the uric acid-to-HDL cholesterol ratio with diabetic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionDyslipidemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but its association with kidney disease progression remains incompletely defined. Although low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) has been linked to diabetic nephropathy, evidence regarding hard kidney outcomes is limited. We examined the associations between HDL-C and kidney events in patients with T2DM, in comparison with other lipid parameters. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsA total of 1,033 patients with T2DM from the Fukushima Cohort Study were included. Participants were followed for kidney events, defined as a ≥50% decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) or onset of kidney failure requiring kidney replacement therapy, and all-cause mortality over a median follow-up period of 5.3 years. Lipid parameters HDL-C, triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, non-HDL-C, and TG/HDL-C ratio were categorized into quartiles and evaluated using Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for age, sex, smoking history, history of cardiovascular disease, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, eGFR, hemoglobin A1c, and proteinuria.
resultsThe median patient age was 66 years, 56% were men, and the median eGFR was 68.6 mL/min/1.73 m
conclusionsLow HDL-C levels were independently associated with kidney events and all-cause mortality in patients with T2DM. Future studies are warranted to clarify whether interventions targeting HDL-C can improve kidney disease progression in this high-risk population. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: UMIN000040848.
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