Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41339376›Full record

ArticleNature communications2025

Longitudinal proteomic profiling of cerebrospinal fluid in untreated multiple sclerosis defines evolving disease biology.

Peter Kosa, Shinji Ashida, Keith Lumbard, Jing Wang, C Jason Liang, Ruturaj Masvekar, Yujin Kim, Mihael Varosanec, Lori Jennings, Bibiana Bielekova

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Peter KosaNeuroimmunological Diseases Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Shinji AshidaNeuroimmunological Diseases Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Keith LumbardClinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA.
Jing WangClinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA.
C Jason LiangBiostatistics Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Ruturaj MasvekarNeuroimmunological Diseases Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Yujin KimNeuroimmunological Diseases Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6776-9963
Mihael VarosanecNeuroimmunological Diseases Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Lori JenningsNovartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5130-8417
Bibiana BielekovaNeuroimmunological Diseases Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. Bibi.Bielekova@nih.gov.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0959-9430

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, but the molecular mechanisms underlying its course remain incompletely understood. We measured 4789 cerebrospinal fluid proteins in 1040 samples from 438 individuals with MS and controls followed longitudinally. To isolate disease-related biology, we adjusted for normal aging, sex, while also measuring residual effects of demographic and genetic covariates. Here we show that 3714 proteins are significantly associated with twelve clinical and imaging outcomes, highlighting processes linked to viral infection, disruption of epithelial barriers, stromal cell-mediated tissue remodeling, demyelination, and synaptic and neuronal loss. We also find strong sex-related differences: men show greater activation of pathways associated with tissue injury and disability accumulation, whereas women upregulate neurodevelopmental programs that may promote resilience or repair. These molecular maps of MS natural history provide a framework for understanding disease mechanisms and a resource for future drug development.

Indexed as

Cerebrospinal Fluid ProteinsMultiple SclerosisProteomicsAdultAgedBiomarkersFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedSex FactorsBiomarkersCerebrospinal Fluid Proteins

Identifiers

PMID41339376
PMCPMC12695886

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.