Evidence mapPaperPMID 41339864Full record

ArticleBMC health services research2025

Self-medication among operating room personnel during healthcare crises: a mixed-methods study of prevalence, predictors, and lived experiences.

Farzad Abaszadeh, Mobin Mottahedi, Shahpar Bagheri, Shaghayegh Ostovari, Soolmaz Zare, Azadeh Amiri

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC health services research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Farzad AbaszadehStudent Research Committee, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Mobin MottahediDepartment of Operating Room, School of Allied Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
Shahpar BagheriCommunity-Based Psychiatric Care Research Center, Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Shaghayegh OstovariStudent of Surgical Technology, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran.
Soolmaz ZareClinical Education Research Center, Department of Medical Education, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Azadeh AmiriStudent Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. amiriea@sums.ac.ir.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSelf-medication among healthcare workers poses serious risks to both personal health and patient safety. Operating room (OR) personnel, exposed to high-acuity care, irregular shifts, and systemic pressures, may be particularly vulnerable, yet comprehensive studies in this population remain limited.

methodsThis explanatory sequential mixed-methods study investigated self-medication among OR personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the quantitative phase, 400 participants completed a validated 15-item questionnaire on self-medication behaviors, individual factors, and organizational/environmental determinants. In the qualitative phase, 20 semi-structured interviews were thematically analyzed. Integration was achieved through narrative weaving and a joint display.

resultsSelf-medication prevalence was 65%. Quantitative analysis identified psychological stress (β = 0.35, p < 0.001) and workplace pressures (β = 0.30, p < 0.001) as the strongest predictors, with poor healthcare access and prior experience also contributing. Surgical technologists reported higher rates than nursing aides (p < 0.05). Qualitative analysis revealed four themes: psychological strain, self-medication as coping, workplace pressures, and emotional consequences. Integration showed a reinforcing cycle in which stress and systemic barriers promoted self-medication, which in turn generated further emotional burden.

conclusionsSelf-medication among OR personnel during crises is prevalent and shaped by intertwined psychological and systemic factors. Interventions should address immediate stressors at the hospital level while implementing health-system policies that reduce structural barriers, to safeguard both healthcare providers and patient safety. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.

Indexed as

COVID-19Health PersonnelOperating RoomsSelf MedicationAdultFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedOccupational StressPrevalenceQualitative ResearchSARS-CoV-2Surveys and QuestionnairesHealthcare crisisMixed-methods researchOperating room personnelPatient safetyPsychological stressSelf-medicationWorkplace pressures

Identifiers

PMID41339864
PMCPMC12676834

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.