Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41340216›Full record

ArticleDiabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association2026

The impact of obesity on pregnancy outcomes in women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes across the NSW population: A retrospective cohort study.

Xavier Rickard, Matilda S G Longfield, Jackson Zhou, Ibinabo Ibiebele, Tessa Weir, Deborah Randall, Siranda Torvaldsen, Felicity Gallimore, Jonathan Morris, Tanya Nippita and 1 more

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Article in Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

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0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Xavier RickardFaculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Matilda S G LongfieldFaculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Jackson ZhouSchool of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Ibinabo IbiebeleThe Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Tessa WeirFaculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Deborah RandallThe Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Siranda TorvaldsenThe Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Felicity GallimoreClinical Excellence Commission, New South Wales Ministry of Health, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia.
Jonathan MorrisClinical Excellence Commission, New South Wales Ministry of Health, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia.
Tanya NippitaThe Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Sarah J GlastrasFaculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Funding

National Health and Medical Research Council
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsTo examine differences in pregnancy outcomes between women with type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) and assess the impact of concurrent obesity on adverse perinatal outcomes. MATERIALS AND

methodsWe retrospectively analysed singleton births of nulliparous mothers with T1D and T2D from 2016 to 2020, in New South Wales, Australia. The incidence of perinatal outcomes was compared between diabetes types. Logistic regression explored the impact of BMI and diabetes type on these outcomes, adjusting for relevant maternal characteristics.

resultsIn total, 568 women with T1D and 910 women with T2D were included. Women with T2D were older, had higher BMI, increased incidence of pre-existing hypertension and smoking, and higher rates of socioeconomic disadvantage (p < 0.01). After stepwise adjustment for maternal covariates, women with T1D had higher odds of preeclampsia, caesarean section, maternal length of stay (LOS) >10 days, preterm birth, large-for-gestational age (LGA) neonates, neonatal resuscitation, neonatal hypoglycaemia, NICU admission, neonatal LOS >10 days and stillbirth (aOR >1, p < 0.05). Obesity conferred an increased odds of adverse outcomes in women with T2D but not T1D; these included gestational hypertension (aOR = 5.88, CI:1.38-25.15, p = 0.02), postpartum haemorrhage (aOR = 1.95, CI:1.18-3.23, p < 0.01), caesarean section (aOR = 2.29, CI:1.59-3.30, p < 0.01), LGA (aOR = 1.82, CI:1.13-2.93, p = 0.01), neonatal hypoglycaemia (aOR = 1.53, CI:1.02-2.30, p = 0.04) and neonatal resuscitation (aOR = 1.81, CI:1.19-2.76, p < 0.01).

conclusionWomen with T1D had higher odds of adverse perinatal outcomes compared to those with T2D. Obesity increased risk in women with T2D, but not T1D, raising the possibility that targeted weight interventions in those with T2D may reduce the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2ObesityPregnancy in DiabeticsPregnancy OutcomeAdultCesarean SectionFemaleHumansInfant, NewbornNew South WalesPregnancyPregnancy ComplicationsRetrospective StudiesStillbirthYoung Adultbody mass indexHyperglycaemiamodellingobstetricsPeripartum

Identifiers

PMID41340216
PMCPMC12857879

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.