Trial reportExperimental and clinical psychopharmacology2026
Cardiopulmonary effects of combustible cigarettes and e-cigarettes in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Trial report in Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026Pooled it
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
E-cigarettes have been proposed as a harm-reduction strategy to reduce combustible cigarette use. Comparing the cardiopulmonary effects of vaping to smoking is necessary before recommending their use, especially for people at high risk from continued smoking, like those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Differences in the cardiopulmonary effects of combustible cigarettes and e-cigarettes for people with COPD who smoke were examined. Twenty-one individuals ≥40 years old diagnosed with COPD who smoked (≥5 cigarettes/day for ≥1 year) underwent two consecutive randomly ordered 2-week phases: a cigarette phase (usual-brand cigarettes) and a nicotine-containing e-cigarette phase (combustible cigarette abstinence with 3% and/or 5% nicotine tobacco-flavored JUUL available). Participants earned monetary incentives during the e-cigarette phase for cigarette abstinence, which was biochemically verified with daily carbon monoxide breath testing conducted remotely via phone (readings ≤6 parts per million). Pulmonary (spirometry, oscillometry, COPD Assessment Test, Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire for COPD) and cardiac (heart rate, blood pressure) measures were completed at baseline, daily (remotely) throughout phases (spirometry, heart rate, and blood pressure only), and after each phase. Changes across assessments were analyzed using mixed-model repeated measures analyses of variance. Diastolic blood pressure and airway resistance at 19 Hz significantly improved during the e-cigarette phase, with the latter restricted to those who substantially abstained from combustible cigarettes (≥10 negative breath carbon monoxide samples) during this phase. The lack of significant adverse cardiopulmonary outcomes following e-cigarette use is promising. However, evaluating longer durations of e-cigarette substitution is warranted to determine their safety as a replacement for combustible cigarettes in patients with COPD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.