Evidence mapPaperPMID 41343536Full record

ArticlePloS one2025

Preeclampsia, prevalence and associated factors.

Martin Chakulya, Prince Mulambo, Gift C Chama, Lillian Nalavwe, Isaac M Pulukuta, Portipher Simwaba, Wana Nyichiwu, Enniless Chilobe, Alice Mwape, Emmanuel Luwaya and 9 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors.

Martin ChakulyaDepartment of Pathology and Microbiology, Mulungushi University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Livingstone, Zambia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4997-2487
Prince MulamboDepartment of Pathology and Microbiology, Mulungushi University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Livingstone, Zambia.
Gift C ChamaDepartment of Pathology and Microbiology, Mulungushi University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Livingstone, Zambia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4161-1876
Lillian NalavweDepartment of Pathology and Microbiology, Mulungushi University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Livingstone, Zambia.
Isaac M PulukutaDepartment of Pathology and Microbiology, Mulungushi University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Livingstone, Zambia.
Portipher SimwabaDepartment of Pathology and Microbiology, Mulungushi University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Livingstone, Zambia.
Wana NyichiwuDepartment of Pathology and Microbiology, Mulungushi University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Livingstone, Zambia.
Enniless ChilobeDepartment of Pathology and Microbiology, Mulungushi University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Livingstone, Zambia.
Alice MwapeDepartment of Pathology and Microbiology, Mulungushi University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Livingstone, Zambia.
Emmanuel LuwayaDepartment of Pathology and Microbiology, Mulungushi University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Livingstone, Zambia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9518-2422
Sydney MulamfuDepartment of Pathology and Microbiology, Mulungushi University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Livingstone, Zambia.
Chileleko SiakabanzeDepartment of Pathology and Microbiology, Mulungushi University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Livingstone, Zambia.
Katongo H MutengoDepartment of Pathology and Microbiology, Mulungushi University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Livingstone, Zambia.
Lukundo SiameDepartment of Pathology and Microbiology, Mulungushi University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Livingstone, Zambia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4810-7352
Joreen P PoviaDepartment of Health Economics, Livingstone Center for Prevention and Translational Science, Livingstone, Zambia.
Bridget NamusikaDepartment of Pathology and Microbiology, Mulungushi University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Livingstone, Zambia.
Bislom C MweeneDepartment of Pathology and Microbiology, Mulungushi University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Livingstone, Zambia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2027-794X
Annet KiraboDepartment of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America.
Sepiso K MasengaDepartment of Pathology and Microbiology, Mulungushi University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Livingstone, Zambia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPreeclampsia (PE) is a significant obstetric complication associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Zambia, like several Sub-Saharan African nations, experiences a high prevalence of pregnancy-related hypertension, with PE being a major contributor to maternal and foetal mortality. This study aimed to identify the factors associated with the development of PE.

methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study at Livingstone University Teaching Hospital in Zambia (LUTH). PE was defined as new-onset hypertension with systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg occurring after 20 weeks of gestation, accompanied by proteinuria with dipstick reading of 1 + . Data from patients' most recent hospital visits was collected by trained research assistants using medical record abstraction. A total of 1018 participants were included. Demographic, clinical, and haematological parameters were analysed. We conducted both descriptive and inferential analyses using Stata version 17. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression were employed to investigate factors associated with PE.

resultsThe median age of participants was 27 years (IQR: 21-33). The prevalence of PE was 12.2% (n = 124). Among the 17.7% (n = 172) of participants who were employed, 19.1% (n = 33) had PE. Factors positively associated with PE included increasing age (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]: 1.07, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.02-1.12, p = 0.002), a previous history of PE (AOR: 30.8, 95% CI: 8.7-108.6, p < 0.001), and a family history of PE (AOR: 9.97, 95% CI: 2.53-39.27, p = 0.001). Conversely, a unit (week) increase in gestational age was negatively associated with PE (AOR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.83-0.97, p = 0.007).

conclusionThis study identifies maternal age, family history, and prior obstetric history as key associated factors for PE, emphasizing the need for targeted screening and early intervention. Enhanced prenatal care, including routine risk assessments, patient education, and regular monitoring through blood pressure checks, urine protein testing, and fetal growth assessments, is cardinal for early detection and effective management of high-risk individuals.

Indexed as

Pre-EclampsiaAdultCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansPregnancyPrevalenceRisk FactorsYoung AdultZambia

Identifiers

PMID41343536
PMCPMC12677571

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.