Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41344266›Full record

ArticleNeoplasia (New York, N.Y.)2026

Multi-omics analysis unveils tumor heterogeneity and immunotherapy predictive model in breast cancer for precision medicine and early detection.

Zhenxiong Zhao, Zhencang Zheng, Shenglu Jiang, Lingling Zhang, Xiufeng Tang

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Zhenxiong ZhaoTaizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang 317000, China.
Zhencang ZhengTaizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang 317000, China.
Shenglu JiangTaizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang 317000, China.
Lingling ZhangTaizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang 317000, China.
Xiufeng TangDepartment of Pharmacy and Shandong Provincinal key Traditional Chinese Medical Discipline of Clinical Chinese pharmacy, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences. Jinan, Shandong 255000, China. Electronic address: tangxf927@126.com.

Funding

Z hejiang Provincial Key Innovation Team for Community-Acquired Severe Pneumonia
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIntratumoral heterogeneity contributes to therapy resistance and immune evasion in breast cancer, making treatment strategies more complex. This study integrates single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), spatial transcriptomics, and bulk RNA-seq deconvolution to characterize tumor subpopulations and develop a robust prognostic model.

methodsWe employed a multi-omics approach combining scRNA-seq, spatial transcriptomics, and bulk RNA-seq data deconvolution to explore the molecular diversity within breast cancer tumors. Tumor subtypes were identified based on distinct gene expression profiles, and functional pathway analysis was conducted to evaluate associations with clinical outcomes, including therapy resistance and immune evasion. Data from TCGA and GEO cohorts were integrated to validate the prognostic and immune-related findings. A CoxBoost+GBM algorithm was used to develop a robust prognostic model for patient survival and immunotherapy response prediction.

resultsFive distinct tumor subtypes were identified, each with unique functional profiles, underscoring the complexity of breast cancer heterogeneity. Basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) cells were found to play a central role in immune evasion and poor immunotherapy response, with high basal-like cell infiltration correlating with worse survival outcomes. Spatial transcriptomics revealed the widespread presence of BLBC cells across clinical subtypes, including ER+ tumors, suggesting their involvement in therapy resistance. A prognostic model based on CoxBoost+GBM demonstrated strong predictive power for patient survival and immunotherapy efficacy.

conclusionsThis study provides a comprehensive view of the genetic and immune determinants of breast cancer heterogeneity, with a focus on BLBC's role in immune escape and treatment resistance. These insights enhance the potential of multi-omics approaches in precision prevention, early detection, and personalized immunotherapy strategies.

Indexed as

Biomarkers, TumorBreast NeoplasmsImmunotherapyPrecision MedicineComputational BiologyEarly Detection of CancerFemaleGene Expression ProfilingGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticGenomicsHumansMultiomicsPrognosisSingle-Cell AnalysisTranscriptomeBiomarkers, TumorBasal-like breast cancerBreast cancerImmunotherapyPrognostic modelSingle-cell RNA sequencingTumor heterogeneity

Identifiers

PMID41344266
PMCPMC12719570

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.