Evidence mapPaperPMID 41345369Full record

ReviewDrug delivery and translational research2026

Nanocarrier-based intranasal drug delivery for enhanced neurological disorders treatment.

Eva Morim, Bruno Sarmento, Catarina Pacheco

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Drug delivery and translational research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Eva MorimInstituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde (IUCS-CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra 1317, Gandra, 4585-116, Portugal.
Bruno SarmentoInstituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde (IUCS-CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra 1317, Gandra, 4585-116, Portugal. bruno.sarmento@i3s.up.pt.ORCID 0000-0001-5763-7553
Catarina PachecoInstituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde (IUCS-CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra 1317, Gandra, 4585-116, Portugal.

Funding

Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário GLIMFOX_GI2-CESPU-2025Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia 2020.06611.BD
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) represents a major obstacle in the treatment of neurological disorders. While it plays a crucial role in protecting the central nervous system (CNS) from harmful xenobiotics, it also limits the entry of drugs already in systemic circulation. Intranasal drug delivery has emerged as an interesting, non-invasive strategy to bypass the BBB by exploiting the anatomical connections provided by the olfactory and trigeminal nerves, allowing direct transport from the nasal cavity to the brain. Nevertheless, drugs administered via this route face several challenges, including enzymatic degradation, mucociliary clearance and limited residence time on the nasal mucosa. This review examines the underlying mechanisms of nose-to-brain drug transport and details how recent advances in nanocarrier-based delivery systems, including lipid-based, polymeric-based, protein-based, and inorganic nanoparticles, can be engineered to enhance drug delivery to the brain. Recent preclinical advances demonstrate improved brain targeting, protection from degradation, and controlled release profiles. Finally, we summarize the current clinical progress and provide our perspective on the steps needed for successful clinical translation, emphasizing the importance of optimizing nanosystem performance across both the nasal cavity and brain compartments.

Indexed as

Drug CarriersDrug Delivery SystemsNanoparticle Drug Delivery SystemNanoparticlesNervous System DiseasesAdministration, IntranasalAnimalsBlood-Brain BarrierBrainHumansNasal MucosaDrug CarriersNanoparticle Drug Delivery SystemBlood-brain barrierBrain targetingIntranasal administrationNanotechnologyNeurological diseasesNose-to-brain drug delivery

Identifiers

PMID41345369

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.