ArticleNPJ breast cancer2025
Cancer cell-monocyte co-culture spheroids recapitulate pro-tumorigenic, immunosuppressive, and drug-resistant microenvironments in brain metastatic breast cancer.
Article in NPJ breast cancer, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- IntravChip: a vascularized and perfused microfluidic model of the primary tumor microenvironment to collect intravasated tumor cells.Biofabrication · 2026Article
- IntravChip: a vascularized and perfused microfluidic model of the primary tumor microenvironment to collect intravasated tumor cells.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Monocyte derived macrophages (MDMs) comprise a major cellular fraction of the brain metastatic breast cancer (BMBC) tumor microenvironment (TME), however, their role in BMBC growth and response to therapeutics remains elusive. We developed heterotypic three-dimensional (3D) co-culture spheroid platform of triple negative BMBC cell line MDA-MB-231Br or BMBC patient xenograft derived cell line F2-7 and THP1 monocytes and assessed the impact of monocytes/MDMs on BMBC proliferation, immune modulation, and response to paclitaxel. BMBC cell and monocyte interactions enhanced BMBC cell proliferation and upregulated markers pertaining to M2 macrophage, immune suppression and evasion. Additionally, F2-7 and monocyte co-culture upregulated M1 macrophage and both pro- and anti-inflammatory markers. Co-culture spheroids exhibited higher resistance to paclitaxel as compared to monoculture BMBC spheroids. Our 3D co-culture platform successfully recapitulated to an extent the pro-tumorigenic, immunosuppressive, therapy resistant TME, and tumor immune heterogeneity of BMBC and could contribute towards understanding tumor immune interactions in BMBC.
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.