ArticleScientific reports2025
Antimicrobial and healing efficacy of bile salts with insights into cytotoxic activity.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bile salts play crucial roles in lipid digestion and metabolism, with emerging evidence suggesting their involvement in cell signaling, wound healing, and potential antimicrobial activities. The analysis of bile salts revealed diverse compounds, including fatty acids, methyl esters, glycerol, flavonoids and steroidal derivatives. These findings suggest that the identified compounds are byproducts of lipid metabolism and may reflect dietary influences within the sample. Bile salts demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity against resistant and common pathogens. Against MRSA, they produced an inhibition zone of 22 ± 0.33 mm, surpassing the standard (18 ± 0.8 mm), indicating strong efficacy. For S. aureus and S. epidermidis, bile salts showed robust inhibition zones of 28 ± 1.25 mm and 29 ± 1.66 mm, respectively, exceeding the activity of the reference standard. Additionally, bile salts exhibited effective antifungal activity against C. albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. glabrata, with zones of 23 to 28 mm. According to the MIC and MBC/MFC results, bile salts were more effective against S. aureus and MRSA than S. epidermidis, C. glabrata was the most resistant among the tested Candida species. Bile salts significantly enhanced HFB4 cell migration and wound closure over 48 h, showing a 57.58% closure compared to 31.23% in the control group, indicating their potential to promote healing. However, bile salts exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity on Vero cells (CCL-81) and A-431 cells (IC
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