SynthesisBMC nephrology2025
Underutilization of albuminuria screening in adults with diabetes mellitus or hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMC nephrology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Prevalence of Hyperkalemia in a Contemporary European Cohort According to EKFC eGFR Categories.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Current and Emerging Pharmacological Therapies for Hypertriglyceridemia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Developing and validating a clinlabomics-based machine-learning model for early detection of occult diabetic kidney disease: implications for primary care screening.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Real-World Prescribing Patterns of SGLT2 Inhibitors and GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiometabolic Disease.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundGuidelines recommend routine urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) screening in patients with diabetes (annual) and hypertension (at least once, with follow-up annually if CKD is found). However, real-world adherence remains uncertain and appears suboptimal. This study aimed to quantify the global prevalence of albuminuria testing in high-risk adults with hypertension and/or diabetes.
methodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies reporting the proportion of adults with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or both who underwent albuminuria testing in routine care. Multiple databases were searched through Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. Pooled uACR testing prevalence was calculated using random-effects meta-analysis of proportions, with heterogeneity assessed by Cochran's Q and I² statistics. Subgroup analyses examined differences by patient group, test modality, and country income level.
resultsThirty studies (from diverse countries and settings) met the inclusion criteria, involving over 29 million patients. Albuminuria testing rates were low in most settings. Overall, only about one in five high-risk patients underwent a uACR test in routine clinical practice. Pooled uACR testing prevalence was approximately 22% (fixed-effect model dominated by a large U.S. dataset), and 49% (95% CI: 7-93%) in a random-effects model accounting for extreme between-study variability (I² ~100%). Testing uptake ranged from < 5% in some systems to nearly 100% in protocolized programs. Subgroup comparisons showed higher rates in diabetes-focused and screening-driven studies, whereas hypertension cohorts had particularly low uptake.
conclusionsuACR testing remains underutilized among patients with hypertension or diabetes. This gap between guidelines and practice leads to delayed CKD detection and timely initiation of appropriate treatment. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.