Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41347272›Full record

Trial reportInternational journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics2026

Associations between Nugent-bacterial vaginosis and preterm birth and other adverse pregnancy outcomes in rural northwestern Bangladesh.

Daniel J Erchick, Susan Tuddenham, Lena Kan, Lee S F Wu, Alain B Labrique, Hasmot Ali, Ethan K Gough, Mahbubur Rashid, Towfida J Siddiqua, Subhra Chakraborty and 6 more

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Daniel J ErchickDepartment of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2852-280X
Susan TuddenhamDivision of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Lena KanDepartment of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Lee S F WuDepartment of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Alain B LabriqueWorld Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Hasmot AliJiVitA Project, Rangpur, Bangladesh.
Ethan K GoughDepartment of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Mahbubur RashidJiVitA Project, Rangpur, Bangladesh.
Towfida J SiddiquaJiVitA Project, Rangpur, Bangladesh.
Subhra ChakrabortyDepartment of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Pawel GajerInstitute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Michael FranceInstitute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Jacques RavelInstitute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Golsa M YazdyDepartment of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Keith P WestDepartment of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Parul ChristianDepartment of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

Funding

Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Global Control of Micronutrient Deficiency, Grant614Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation OPP1211544World Health Organization 001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveBacterial vaginosis, defined by Nugent score (Nugent-BV), has been associated with preterm birth and other adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, few studies have longitudinally described the associations between Nugent-BV and adverse pregnancy outcomes at varying times in pregnancy.

methodsWe assessed associations between Nugent-BV at two separate time points in pregnancy and preterm birth (<37 weeks of gestation), low birth weight (LBW, <2500 g), and small-for-gestational-age (SGA, <10th percentile) using data from a community-based randomized trial in rural northwestern Bangladesh from 2001 to 2007. Pregnant women provided self-collected vaginal swabs in early (first or second trimester) and late (third trimester) pregnancy for Nugent scoring. Nugent-BV was categorized as 7-10 (ref: 0-6) or 4-10 (ref: 0-3). We used multivariable regression techniques to model relationships between Nugent-BV and incidence of preterm birth, LBW, and SGA, adjusted for the trial intervention and demographic, socioeconomic, and pregnancy history factors.

resultsA total of 1243 women provided ≥1 vaginal swab with a Nugent score and had a live birth. Preterm birth incidence was 23.5% (n = 271/1151). Nugent-BV 7-10 in early (adjusted relative risk (aRR): 0.84, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.42, 1.66) and late (aRR: 1.04, 95% CI: 0.44, 2.41) pregnancy were not associated with preterm birth. Nugent-BV 4-10 at either time point was not associated with preterm birth in the final adjusted models. From early to late pregnancy, a transition from Nugent score category 4-10 to 0-3, relative to 0-3 at both timepoints, was associated with decreased risk of preterm birth (aRR 0.20, 95% CI: 0.06, 0.63). In early and late pregnancy, neither Nugent-BV categorization was associated with LBW or SGA in the final models.

conclusionResolution of Nugent-BV between early and late pregnancy might be associated with a decreased risk of preterm birth. Longitudinal studies with frequent sampling in pregnancy and using molecular techniques are needed to better describe changes in the vaginal microbiota and associated risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Indexed as

Pregnancy Complications, InfectiousPregnancy OutcomePremature BirthVaginosis, BacterialAdolescentAdultBangladeshFemaleHumansInfant, Low Birth WeightInfant, NewbornInfant, Small for Gestational AgeLongitudinal StudiesPregnancyRural PopulationYoung Adultbacterial vaginosisBangladeshlow birth weightNugent scorePreterm birthsmall‐for‐gestational agevaginal microbiota

Identifiers

PMID41347272
PMCPMC13094698

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.