SynthesisEpilepsia open2026
Prevalence and incidence of infantile epileptic spasms syndrome in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Epilepsia open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Prevalence and incidence of infantile epileptic spasms syndrome in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Epilepsia open · 2026Pooled it
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesInfantile epileptic spasms syndrome (IESS) is a developmental and epileptic encephalopathy of infantile onset. While epidemiological data from Western countries and global estimates are available, consolidated evidence on the burden of IESS in India remains limited. Given India's large and diverse population, regional variations in healthcare access, diagnostic capabilities, and risk factors may significantly influence the prevalence of IESS. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the incidence and prevalence of IESS in India.
methodsWe conducted a comprehensive search across four electronic databases-PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science-in May 2025 to identify studies focusing on the prevalence and incidence of IESS in Indian settings. Data extraction was carried out using a standardized, predesigned extraction form. The methodological rigor of the included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist for prevalence and incidence studies. A meta-analysis was conducted using the Freeman-Tukey double arcsine transformation, with pooled estimates and corresponding 95% confidence intervals reported.
resultsA total of five eligible studies from different regions of India were included. The overall pooled prevalence of active cases of IESS was 3.33 per 100 000 population (95% CI, 1.46-5.82). A subgroup analysis was also conducted for the age group 0-18 years, yielding a pooled prevalence of 9.71 per 100 000 children surveyed (95% CI, 4.16-17.06). No studies reported the incidence of IESS in India. SIGNIFICANCE: The study is pivotal in estimating the burden of IESS in a low-middle-income country like India, where structural etiologies, treatment delays, and limited access to therapy pose major challenges. Although IESS accounts for only 0.5% of all epilepsies and 1.2% of epilepsy in children, its considerable clinical impact emphasizes the need for early recognition, standardized diagnostic protocols, and increased awareness among healthcare professionals and caregivers. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY: This systematic review summarizes the current evidence on the prevalence of active cases of IESS in India. Based on five eligible studies, the overall pooled prevalence of active cases of IESS was 3.33 per 100 000 population and 9.71 per 100 000 children (<18 years). This study is the first to provide a consolidated estimate and a clearer understanding of the burden of IESS in India and may support clinicians and researchers in improving awareness and early recognition of this condition.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.