ReviewClinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico2026
A comprehensive review of sex differences in the clinical outcomes to immunotherapy on solid tumors.
Review in Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Single-cell multiomics identifies an ALDH9A1-carnitine signaling axis driving resistance of NSCLC to immunotherapy.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immunotherapy has led to a paradigm shift in the treatment of various tumors. However, the results obtained sometimes show heterogeneous and inconsistent responses despite the presence of biomarkers such as PD-L1. Recent studies suggest that the efficacy of immunotherapy may vary based on sex, although the findings remain controversial. The aim of this comprehensive review is to evaluate the available evidence and the biological mechanisms that could explain these differences. Some recent meta-analyses have suggested a greater overall survival benefit for males. Theoretical models, supported by in vivo studies in different animal species, are currently focused on the implications of the tumor microenvironment, hormonal factors in the antitumor activity of the immune system and their correlation with the patient's sex. Other chromosomal sex-specific alterations could be influenced by epigenetic changes affecting genetic material. Prospective studies are needed to further investigate the uncertain relationship between sex and immunotherapy in humans.
Indexed as
Identifiers
41348158What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.