Evidence mapPaperPMID 41350307Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Discovering bioactive pharmaceuticals from natural products for type 2 diabetes mellitus using network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics.

Bita Rahmani, Hossein Akbari, Hadise Esmaeili, Shahabaddin Solaimanian, Meysam Mobasheri, Mohammad Reza Shiri-Shahsavar

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In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Bita RahmaniCellular and Molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran. rahmanibita6@gmail.com.
Hossein AkbariFaculty of Computer and Information Technology Engineering, Islamic Azad University Qazvin Branch, Qazvin, Iran.
Hadise EsmaeiliDepartment of Medical Sciences and Technologies, Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran.
Shahabaddin SolaimanianDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Meysam MobasheriDepartment of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Mohammad Reza Shiri-ShahsavarDepartment of Nutrition, School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Post Office Box: 34197-59811, Iran.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global health challenge that requires new therapeutic approaches. Natural compounds from botanical sources offer promise as alternative treatments due to their multifaceted bioactivity and favourable safety profiles. This study employs an in-silico methodology to evaluate their therapeutic potential by targeting genes associated with T2DM. Bioactive natural compounds were screened and sourced from Natural Product Activity and Species Source Database (NPASS) and ZINC12 databases against 14 T2DM-associated genes (GPD2, IRS1, PPARG, IAPP, GCK, ABCC8, MAPK8, MTNR1B, AKT2, PTPN1, INSR, AMPK, GAA, and SLC2A4). Molecular docking assessed binding affinities, while pharmacokinetic and ADMET profiles were predicted. Comparative analyses with approved drugs from DrugBank, network pharmacology approaches, and molecular dynamics simulations further evaluated their therapeutic potential. 72 natural compounds exhibited superior or comparable binding affinities to standard drugs of which, 17 ligands -Moracin D, Moracin P, Plantagineoside A, Pyrene (carcinogenic), Curcumin, Rohitukine, Berberine Chloride, Berberrubine, Apigenin, Emodin, Chelerythrine, Alvocidib, A-443,654, Xambioona, Altertoxin I, Ursolic Acid, and Oleanolic Acid -were selected as top candidates for further analysis. ADME/T analyses highlighted Pyrene, Guggulsterone, Melatonin, Gefitinib, Apigenin, Rotenone, Curcumin, Bavachinin A, Bavachinin, and Quinidine as particularly promising in terms of superior ADME and oral bioavailability. Four ligands-2-Tert-Butyl-6-[(3-Tert-Butyl-2-Hydroxy-5-Methylphenyl)Methyl]-4-Methylphenol, 4-(2-Phenylpropan-2-Yl)Phenol, Phenothiazine, and 2-Naphthalen-1-Ylacetic Acid- showed notable minimal toxicity. Chelerythrine, Emodin, Rohitukine, A-443,654, and Alvocidib demonstrated multi-target networking interactions. Molecular dynamics simulations of the 17 highest-ranked complexes (500 ns) demonstrated stable RMSD values (4.39-5.33 Å), strong hydrogen bonding, and favorable energetic profiles. Particularly, Moracin P, Moracin D, Plantagineoside A, Chelerythrine, Alvocidib, and Ursolic Acid showed the most stable MD trajectories and highly favorable free energy as promising lead candidates. This study highlights the effectiveness of in-silico techniques to identify natural products as prospective alternative or adjunct therapies for T2DM. Further experimental validation is necessary to confirm compounds' efficacy and safety, paving the way for future clinical investigations.

Indexed as

Biological ProductsDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Drug DiscoveryHypoglycemic AgentsMolecular Docking SimulationNetwork PharmacologyHumansMolecular Dynamics SimulationBiological ProductsHypoglycemic AgentsDrug discoveryMolecular dynamicsNatural productsNetwork pharmacologyPharmacokineticsType 2 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID41350307
PMCPMC12680638

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.