Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41350407›Full record

ArticleNature nanotechnology2026

Bioengineered photosynthetic nanothylakoids reshape the inflammatory microenvironment for rheumatoid arthritis therapy.

Ziyue Li, Yipei Yang, Yesi Shi, Dehong Hu, Duyang Gao, Yan Zhang, Hao Yu, Zichao Luo, Qimanguli Saiding, Na Kong and 6 more

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature nanotechnology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Stimuli-Responsive Nanoplatforms for Precision Intervention in Rheumatoid Arthritis.Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Ziyue Li *Research Center for Advanced Detection Materials and Medical Imaging Devices, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0001-1239-1729
Yipei Yang *Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0285-6198
Yesi Shi *Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Dehong HuResearch Center for Advanced Detection Materials and Medical Imaging Devices, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.
Duyang GaoResearch Center for Advanced Detection Materials and Medical Imaging Devices, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0605-4678
Yan ZhangResearch Center for Advanced Detection Materials and Medical Imaging Devices, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.
Hao YuResearch Center for Advanced Detection Materials and Medical Imaging Devices, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.
Zichao LuoEye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases; Key Laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9236-9160
Qimanguli SaidingCenter for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Na KongCenter for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Hongyan QianDepartment of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China.
Yuan LiuDepartment of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China.
Hairong ZhengResearch Center for Advanced Detection Materials and Medical Imaging Devices, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China. hr.zheng@siat.ac.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8558-5102
Yingjia LiDepartment of Medicine Ultrasonics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China. lyjia@smu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8885-2317
Wei TaoCenter for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. wtao@bwh.harvard.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4277-3728
Zonghai ShengResearch Center for Advanced Detection Materials and Medical Imaging Devices, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China. zh.sheng@siat.ac.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0289-029X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Reducing individual inflammatory factors does not always translate into clinical efficacy in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an autoimmune disease characterized by joint inflammation. Proinflammatory M1 macrophages are a key driver of the hyperinflammatory joint microenvironment, which also promotes the progression of RA. Here we show that folate-receptor-targeted photosynthetic nanothylakoid (FA-PEG-NTK)-based phototherapy reprogrammes macrophages from M1 to anti-inflammatory M2, and successfully remodels the inflammatory RA microenvironment. The nanothylakoids were sourced from plant-derived thylakoids and developed by surface modification with distearoyl phosphoethanolamine-polyethylene glycol (PEG) via hydrophobic interactions to preserve their photocatalytic enzymes. We show that upon light irradiation in a mouse macrophage model of inflammation, the FA-PEG-NTK system generates oxygen and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, alleviating hypoxia and reducing reactive oxygen species. This rebalances the oxidative stress in M1 macrophages, thereby remodelling the inflammatory microenvironment in RA. We also show that in a collagen-induced arthritis rat model, FA-PEG-NTK-mediated phototherapy notably alleviated synovial hyperplasia and enhanced bone and cartilage regeneration, outperforming the clinical treatment methotrexate, with no apparent side effects.

Indexed as

Arthritis, RheumatoidInflammationNanoparticlesPhototherapyAnimalsBioengineeringCellular MicroenvironmentFolic AcidHumansMacrophagesMaleMiceOxidative StressPhotosynthesisPolyethylene GlycolsRatsFolic AcidPolyethylene Glycols

Identifiers

PMID41350407

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.