ReviewOdontology2026
Platelet-rich fibrin-derived extracellular vesicles: emerging biological mediators in periodontal regeneration.
Review in Odontology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- A scoping review on platelet-rich fibrin-driven bone regeneration: biological mechanisms and clinical applications in oral and maxillofacial surgery.Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons · 2026Article
- Extracellular vesicle-mediated immunomodulation and targeted delivery: breakthroughs and challenges in rheumatoid arthritis therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is an autologous biomaterial increasingly used in periodontal regeneration due to its ability to release bioactive molecules in a sustained manner. Recent research indicates that extracellular vesicles (EVs) released during PRF clot formation may serve as pivotal paracrine mediators, orchestrating immune modulation and tissue healing. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the biogenesis, molecular cargo, immunomodulatory activity, and regenerative potential of PRF-derived extracellular vesicles (PRF-EVs), with emphasis on their translational relevance in periodontal therapy. A narrative analysis was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases (2018-2025). Studies investigating EV isolation, characterization, immunoregulatory mechanisms, and regenerative applications related to PRF or platelet-derived EVs were critically evaluated in accordance with the MISEV2023 guidelines. PRF-EVs encapsulate growth factors (TGF-β1, VEGF, PDGF-A), matrix-regulating proteins (MMP-9, thrombospondin-1), and regulatory microRNAs (miR-21, miR-146a). These vesicles promote macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype, suppress NF-κB activation, rebalance the Th17/Treg axis, and enhance fibroblast migration, angiogenesis, and osteogenesis. Comparative analyses reveal that while mesenchymal stem cell-derived EVs exhibit higher bioengineering potential, PRF-EVs exhibit promising biosafety and clinical feasibility; however, existing human trials remain limited in scale and duration, and long-term safety data are still required. Integration with hydrogels or 3D-printed scaffolds further enables controlled release and targeted local action. PRF-EVs constitute a cell-free, autologous, and biologically active platform that bridges immune regulation and regenerative healing. Future studies should focus on standardizing isolation and dosing protocols, applying AI-assisted quality control, and conducting multicenter clinical trials to ensure reproducibility and translational reliability in periodontal regeneration. These findings provide a biological and technological rationale supporting the potential application of PRF-EVs in evidence-based periodontal regenerative therapy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
41350499What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.