Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41350867›Full record

ArticleBMC oral health2025

Three-dimensional alveolar bone changes and root resorption in Class I malocclusion treated with extraction and non-extraction protocols: a comparative study of fixed appliances and clear aligners.

Majedh Abdo Ali Al-Somairi, Yuwen Yan, Maged S Alhammadi, Lina H ALshoaibi, Ehab A Abdulghani, Maher Al-Balaa, Najah Alhashimi, Khaled Farea, Barakat Al-Tayar, Hasan M Sharhan and 2 more

Abstract readComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC oral health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Majedh Abdo Ali Al-SomairiDepartment of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shenyang Clinical Medical Research Center of Orthodontic Disease, China Medical University, Nanjing North Street 117#, He-Ping District, Shenyang, 110002, PR China.
Yuwen YanDepartment of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shenyang Clinical Medical Research Center of Orthodontic Disease, China Medical University, Nanjing North Street 117#, He-Ping District, Shenyang, 110002, PR China.
Maged S AlhammadiOrthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
Lina H ALshoaibiDepartment of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
Ehab A AbdulghaniState Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology&, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Maher Al-BalaaDepartment of Orthodontics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, The Stomatological Hospital of Jiangsu Province affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Najah AlhashimiUnit and Divisional Chief Orthodontics at Hamad Medical Corporation, Associate Professor, College of Dental Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
Khaled FareaDepartment of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shenyang Clinical Medical Research Center of Orthodontic Disease, China Medical University, Nanjing North Street 117#, He-Ping District, Shenyang, 110002, PR China.
Barakat Al-TayarDepartment of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shenyang Clinical Medical Research Center of Orthodontic Disease, China Medical University, Nanjing North Street 117#, He-Ping District, Shenyang, 110002, PR China.
Hasan M SharhanDepartment of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shenyang Clinical Medical Research Center of Orthodontic Disease, China Medical University, Nanjing North Street 117#, He-Ping District, Shenyang, 110002, PR China.
Bowen ZhengDepartment of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shenyang Clinical Medical Research Center of Orthodontic Disease, China Medical University, Nanjing North Street 117#, He-Ping District, Shenyang, 110002, PR China. bwzheng@cmu.edu.cn.
Yi LiuDepartment of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shenyang Clinical Medical Research Center of Orthodontic Disease, China Medical University, Nanjing North Street 117#, He-Ping District, Shenyang, 110002, PR China.

Funding

Basic Scientific Research Project of the Education Department of Liaoning Province LJKMZ20221190
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThis study aimed to compare three-dimensional (3D) alveolar bone changes and root resorption in skeletal Class I malocclusion treated with fixed appliances (FAs) or clear aligners (CAs), under extraction and non-extraction protocols, using Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). MATERIALS AND

methodsThis retrospective study involved 120 adult patients, divided into an equal groups of non-extraction and extraction treatment. Each group received either FAs or CAs. A total of 960 incisors from all patients, and 480 canines and second premolars from 60 patients in the extraction group, were analyzed. CBCT scans were evaluated using InVivo 6.0.3 software for 3D measurements of alveolar bone thickness (ABT), height (ABH), root length, and bone defects. All patients underwent CBCT scans immediately before- (T0) and after-treatment (T1). The reported measurements represent the changes between these two time points. Intra-group comparisons were analyzed using paired t-tests, and inter-group comparisons were examined using independent t-tests. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.

resultsIn the non-extraction group, FAs demonstrated greater increases in labial ABT at upper central incisors (U1) and lateral incisors (U2), with smaller reductions at lower central incisors (L1) compared to CAs. FAs also resulted in more pronounced decreases in lingual ABT at U1 and L1 but showed larger increases at U2 and L2. In the extraction group, FAs induced more labial thickening at L1 and L2, greater lingual thinning at U1 and L1, and higher levels of root resorption, particularly at U2 and L1. FAs also triggered larger increases in bone measurements at upper canines and second premolars (P < 0.05).

conclusionFixed orthodontic appliances resulted in more pronounced alveolar bone remodeling and root resorption compared to clear aligners, most notably in extraction cases. While Clear aligners helped in preserving labial bone and minimizing root resorption, neither method completely averted bone loss. Therefore, treatment decisions should take into account clinical objectives, anatomical risks, and patient factors.

trial registrationNot applicable.

Indexed as

Alveolar Bone LossAlveolar ProcessMalocclusion, Angle Class IOrthodontic Appliances, FixedRoot ResorptionTooth ExtractionAdolescentAdultCone-Beam Computed TomographyFemaleHumansImaging, Three-DimensionalMaleRetrospective StudiesTooth Movement TechniquesYoung AdultAlveolar boneCBCTClear alignersFixed appliancesRoot resorption

Identifiers

PMID41350867
PMCPMC12797612

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.