ArticleEarly human development2026
Placental vascular abnormality is associated with worse neurodevelopmental outcomes for infants with congenital heart disease and genetic abnormality.
Article in Early human development, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectiveDetermine the association of placental vascular abnormality with neurodevelopment (ND) in toddlers with congenital heart disease (CHD) requiring intervention with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in the first year of life. STUDY
designThis single center retrospective cohort study included 69 singleton, term-born infants with prenatally diagnosed CHD requiring CPB in infancy who had placental pathology data and underwent ND follow-up assessment with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (Bayley). Infants with a clinically diagnosed genetic abnormality were included. Placental vascular abnormality was defined as maternal vascular malperfusion, fetal vascular malperfusion, or delayed villous maturation. Multivariable regression models were used to assess the association between placental vascular abnormality and Bayley scores.
resultsPlacental vascular abnormality was present in 43 % (30/69) of the cohort and was associated with lower Bayley language and motor scores on univariate analysis. A significant interaction was identified between placental vascular abnormality and genetic abnormality, which occurred in 26 % (18/69) of the cohort. In multivariable models, compared to infants with genetic abnormality alone, infants with placental vascular abnormality and genetic abnormality had lower cognitive (group difference -18.4, 95 % CI -30.7, -6.1), language (group difference -27.5, 95 % CI -41.2, -13.9), and motor (group difference -27.6, 95 % CI -40.9, -14.2) composite scores. There was no association of placental vascular abnormality with ND scores for infants without genetic abnormality in multivariable models.
conclusionPlacental vascular abnormalities are associated with worse ND outcomes in infants with CHD when a genetic abnormality is also present.
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