Evidence mapPaperPMID 41354997Full record

ReviewDrug delivery and translational research2026

Oromucosal films for peptide delivery: formulation strategies using permeation enhancers and polymers.

Sandeep Karki, Sahil Malhotra, Muhammad Ijaz, Eoin D O'Cearbhaill, Line Hagner Nielsen, David J Brayden

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Drug delivery and translational research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. [Oral mucosal administration].Hua xi kou qiang yi xue za zhi = Huaxi kouqiang yixue zazhi = West China journal of stomatology · 2026
    Review
  2. Review
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Sandeep KarkiSchool of Veterinary Medicine and Conway Institute, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, D04 V1W8, Ireland.
Sahil MalhotraSchool of Veterinary Medicine and Conway Institute, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, D04 V1W8, Ireland.
Muhammad IjazSchool of Veterinary Medicine and Conway Institute, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, D04 V1W8, Ireland.
Eoin D O'CearbhaillSchool of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, UCD Conway Institute and UCD Centre for Biomedical Engineering, UCD, D04 V1W8, Belfield, Ireland.
Line Hagner NielsenDepartment of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Oersteds Plads 344B, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
David J BraydenSchool of Veterinary Medicine and Conway Institute, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, D04 V1W8, Ireland. david.brayden@ucd.ie.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8781-8344

Funding

Horizon 2020 Framework Programme 101091765Science Foundation Ireland 13/RC/2073_P2
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Buccal and sublingual mucosae offer highly vascularized, patient-acceptable routes for systemic peptide delivery, providing a promising alternative to peptide injections and conventional oral peptide dosage forms that suffer from enzymatic degradation, limited permeability, and hepatic first-pass metabolism. Despite these advantages, achieving consistent peptide bioavailability from oromucosal dosage forms remain challenging due to salivary washout, enzymatic instability, and the compact, lipid-rich epithelial structure. This review provides a comprehensive overview of formulation strategies developed to overcome these barriers, with an emphasis on the use of permeation enhancers (PEs), mucoadhesive polymers, and multilayer film architectures. Advances in nanoparticle-integrated films are highlighted for their potential to improve peptide stability and mucosal permeation. The review concludes by addressing patient compliance, translational potential, and regulatory perspectives that shape the clinical advancement of peptide-loaded oromucosal films.

Indexed as

Drug Delivery SystemsMouth MucosaPeptidesPolymersAnimalsHumansPermeabilityPeptidesPolymersBile saltsMucoadhesive polymersMultilayer filmsNon-invasive peptide deliveryOromucosal filmsTranslational drug delivery

Identifiers

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.