Evidence mapPaperPMID 41355521Full record

ArticleJournal of diabetes investigation2026

Predictors of glycemic control with imeglimin for type 2 diabetes: Results of machine learning analyses using clinical trial data.

Katsuhiko Hagi, Kazumasa Yoshida, Hirotaka Watada, Kohei Kaku, Kohjiro Ueki

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Article in Journal of diabetes investigation, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Katsuhiko HagiMedical Affairs, Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1389-1474
Kazumasa YoshidaData Science, Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan.
Hirotaka WatadaDepartment of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Kohei KakuDepartment of Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1574-0565
Kohjiro UekiDiabetes Research Center, National Institute of Global Health and Medicine, Japan Institute for Health Security, Tokyo, Japan.

Funding

Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionIdentifying patient characteristics predictive of treatment response is crucial for optimizing type 2 diabetes outcomes. Using data from three phase 2/3 imeglimin trials in Japan, this analysis applied machine learning to determine characteristics associated with HbA1c improvement.

methodsRegression tree and random forest methods identified baseline characteristics predictive of HbA1c improvement. Partial dependence plots (PDP) visualized the relationship between HbA1c change and continuous variables deemed important by Boruta.

resultsFor monotherapy, key predictors were baseline HbA1c, hypertension, smoking, type 2 diabetes duration, body mass index (BMI), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), metabolic syndrome, and estimated glomerular filtration rate. Nonsmokers with HbA1c ≥8.35% and LDL-C < 3.26 mmol/L at baseline showed the greatest improvement in HbA1c (-1.24%). Random forest analysis and Boruta identified baseline HbA1c, BMI, fatty liver index, smoking, and hypertension as significant predictors of HbA1c improvement. PDPs identified a positive correlation between higher baseline HbA1c, and a negative correlation between BMI and fatty liver index, and HbA1c improvement. For imeglimin add-on to insulin therapy, key predictors were BMI, age, LDL-C, type 2 diabetes duration, systolic blood pressure, and alanine transaminase (ALT). Patients with BMI <25.9, LDL-C < 2.68 mmol/L, and ALT <21 U/L showed the greatest HbA1c improvement (-1.48%). Random forest analysis and Boruta confirmed BMI, age, and LDL-C as significant predictors. PDPs identified a positive correlation between older age, and a negative correlation between higher BMI and LDL-C, and HbA1c improvement.

conclusionsMachine learning effectively identified baseline characteristics predictive of HbA1c response to imeglimin, supporting the potential for personalized type 2 diabetes treatment strategies.

Indexed as

BiomarkersDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Glycemic ControlHypoglycemic AgentsMachine LearningAgedBlood GlucoseBody Mass IndexFemaleGlycated HemoglobinHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrognosisBiomarkersBlood GlucoseGlycated Hemoglobinhemoglobin A1c protein, humanHypoglycemic AgentsImegliminMachine learning analysisType 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID41355521
PMCPMC12863011

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.