Exploring Expert Perspectives on Self-Monitoring Feedback Personalization, Content, Modality and Frequency: A Delphi Study.

Introduction: Participants in behavioral weight management programs are typically provided with weekly interventionist-crafted self-monitoring feedback; however, there is a lack of empirical evidence regarding optimal feedback construction. Methods: Using a Delphi method, experts ( Results: Experts' views on the modality (e.g., email, app notification) varied, and participant preference and practicality were noted as key considerations. Experts ranked 8 feedback components as most important: problem solving, goal setting prompts, calorie intake and physical activity goal attainment, diet tracking frequency, weight trajectory (since the last message and since the start of the program), and diet quality. More experts endorsed the "sandwich" approach (i.e., positive comments along with strategies for change) for those experiencing weight loss challenges (95%) than for those experiencing weight loss success (55%). Overall, 82% noted that personalized feedback was important, but they were not always able to provide it due to time restrictions/personnel cost (75% identified these as key barriers). Conclusions: Although most experts viewed personalized self-monitoring feedback as important, time/cost considerations in crafting this feedback are critical. Future experimental studies should be used to evaluate the expert recommendations gathered from this Delphi study.