Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41357123›Full record

ArticleRSC advances2025

Antiviral and virucidal activities against SARS-CoV-2 and antibacterial properties of bile acids and their salts with naturally occurring organic cations of l-carnitine, creatinine, and choline.

Chavalit Varongkriengkrai, Nopporn Chutiwitoonchai, Nontaphat Leerach, Sanya Sureram, Tam Pooprasert, Thammarat Aree, Sakda Khoomrung, Chulabhorn Mahidol, Somsak Ruchirawat, Prasat Kittakoop

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in RSC advances, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Chavalit VarongkriengkraiChulabhorn Graduate Institute, Program in Chemical Sciences Laksi Bangkok 10210 Thailand.
Nopporn ChutiwitoonchaiNational Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd. Pathumthani 12120 Thailand nopporn.chu@biotec.or.th.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1374-7771
Nontaphat LeerachPrincess Srisavangavadhana Faculty of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy Bangkok 10210 Thailand.
Sanya SureramChulabhorn Research Institute Kamphaeng Phet 6, Talat Bang Khen, Lak Si Bangkok 10210 Thailand prasat@cri.or.th.
Tam PooprasertChulabhorn Graduate Institute, Program in Chemical Sciences Laksi Bangkok 10210 Thailand.
Thammarat AreeDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University Bangkok 10330 Thailand.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7298-7401
Sakda KhoomrungSiriraj Center of Research Excellence in Metabolomics and Systems Biology (SiCORE-MSB), Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University Bangkok 10700 Thailand.
Chulabhorn MahidolChulabhorn Research Institute Kamphaeng Phet 6, Talat Bang Khen, Lak Si Bangkok 10210 Thailand prasat@cri.or.th.
Somsak RuchirawatChulabhorn Graduate Institute, Program in Chemical Sciences Laksi Bangkok 10210 Thailand.
Prasat KittakoopChulabhorn Graduate Institute, Program in Chemical Sciences Laksi Bangkok 10210 Thailand.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5210-3162

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Bile acids have many roles in biological systems, and they have received great attention recently. Bile from a cow, known as gall, together with garlic, wine, and leeks, is used in the traditional medicine recipe of Bald's Leechbook, a thousand-year-old Anglo-Saxon formula for the treatment of infected eyelash follicles. Different aspects of previous works on bile acids have been reported, and this work adds antiviral, virucidal, and antibacterial properties of bile acids and their salts against SARS-CoV-2. Four bile acids, lithocholic acid (LCA, 1), deoxycholic acid (DCA, 5), ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA, 9), and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA, 13), were used to form salts with l-carnitine [X], creatinine [Y], and choline [Z], which are naturally occurring compounds. Bile acids and their salts were evaluated for antiviral and virucidal activities against SARS-CoV-2 as well as for their antibacterial properties. Among the bile acids tested, LCA (1) was found to display virucidal activity against SARS-CoV-2 with an EC

Identifiers

PMID41357123
PMCPMC12679602

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.