ArticleFrontiers in medicine2025
Aqueous humor levels of syndecan-1 and syndecan-4 associated with OCTA metrics in diabetic retinopathy.
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Purpose: Attenuated endothelium glycocalyx had been shown to be related to vascular damage during diabetic retinopathy (DR). Syndecans were pivotal components of retinal glycocalyx, which could be released from the endothelial surface by a highly regulated proteolytic cleavage. Thus, in the present study, we tested for the associations between diabetic retinal vascular injuries, as evidenced by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) metrics, and levels of syndecan-1 and syndecan-4 in the aqueous humor of diabetic patients. Methods: A prospectively designed cross-sectional study. The study enrolled 14 patients (16 eyes) with DR, 8 patients (10 eyes) with diabetes mellitus (DM) but no DR (NDR), and 16 patients (20 eyes) without DM (NDM). All participants underwent an OCTA scan with a 3 × 3 mm pattern. The images were meticulously binarized for quantification. OCTA metrics of perfusion density (PD) were calculated after large vessels were separated from capillaries by a rigorous automatic algorithm. All vessels PD (PD Results: The aqueous humor level of syndecan-1 in DR (298.500 ± 106.900 pg./mL) group was significantly higher than that in NDR (193.800 ± 51.920 pg./mL) and NDM (181.900 ± 42.580 pg./mL) group (both Conclusion: The differential expression of syndecan-1 and syndecan-4 was observed in the aqueous humor of DR patients, with syndecan-1 being up-regulated and syndecan-4 down-regulated. As DR progresses, retinal large vessel PD showed an increasing trend, while capillaries PD decreased. Moreover, both syndecan-1 and syndecan-4 exhibited correlations with retinal capillaries PD. Syndecan-1, syndecan-4 and OCTA parameters had demonstrated excellent diagnostic efficacy for DR. These results not only expanded the range of potential biomarkers for detecting DR but also provide support for the future development of novel therapeutic targets for this condition.
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