Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41357670›Full record

ReviewMedComm2025

Musculoskeletal Diseases: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Advances.

Xiao Ma, Eloy Yinwang, Xupeng Chai, Fangqian Wang, Zehao Chen, Shengdong Wang, Hao Zhou, Yucheng Xue, Jiangchu Lei, Fanglu Chen and 8 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in MedComm, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Xiao MaDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou City Zhejiang Province China.
Eloy YinwangDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou City Zhejiang Province China.
Xupeng ChaiDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou City Zhejiang Province China.
Fangqian WangDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou City Zhejiang Province China.
Zehao ChenDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou City Zhejiang Province China.
Shengdong WangDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou City Zhejiang Province China.
Hao ZhouDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou City Zhejiang Province China.
Yucheng XueDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou City Zhejiang Province China.
Jiangchu LeiDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou City Zhejiang Province China.
Fanglu ChenDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou City Zhejiang Province China.
Hengyuan LiDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou City Zhejiang Province China.
Shixin ChenDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou City Zhejiang Province China.
Shenzhi ZhaoDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou City Zhejiang Province China.
Kelei WangDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou City Zhejiang Province China.
Liang ChenDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou City Zhejiang Province China.
Junjie GaoDepartment of Orthopedics Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4820-8524
Zhaoming YeDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou City Zhejiang Province China.
Nong LinDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou City Zhejiang Province China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4939-113X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Musculoskeletal diseases encompass a broad spectrum of inflammatory, degenerative, and neoplastic disorders that compromise bone and joint function across the lifespan. Increasing evidence highlights the central role of immune regulation in their pathogenesis, driven by complex interactions among immune, bone, and stromal cells. Inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and dermatomyositis are marked by persistent immune activation and progressive tissue destruction. Degenerative diseases like osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, and intervertebral disc degeneration involve immune senescence, dysregulated tissue remodeling, and inflammation-driven structural damage. Bone and soft tissue tumors-including osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, and soft tissue sarcoma-develop within immunosuppressive niches that hinder antitumor immunity. Notably, these immune environments are not strictly dichotomous but exhibit dynamic, context-dependent states of immune stimulation and suppression. This review delineates both shared and disease-specific immune mechanisms, spanning cytokine networks, signaling pathways, and cellular interactions. It further discusses current and emerging therapeutic strategies, including cytokine modulators, bone-regulatory agents, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and cell-based therapies. Despite recent advances, key challenges persist in translating immunological insights into durable, disease-modifying treatments. By bridging mechanisms across inflammation, degeneration, and malignancy, this review provides an integrated framework for understanding immune contributions to musculoskeletal diseases and identifies promising directions for precision immunotherapy.

Indexed as

bone and soft tissue tumorsimmune modulationinflammationmusculoskeletal diseasesprecision immunotherapy

Identifiers

PMID41357670
PMCPMC12678636

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.