Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41357855›Full record

ArticleJournal of the Endocrine Society2026

Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Is Associated With Sex-specific Immune Response.

Leila Shobab, Jennifer Simpson, Matthew McCoy, Hui Zheng, Sonam Kumari, Ruzong Fan, Serenity Budd, Wen Lee, Jennifer Rosen, Vasyl Vasko and 5 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of the Endocrine Society, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Leila ShobabDepartment of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6534-810X
Jennifer SimpsonLaboratory of Viral Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health.
Matthew McCoyInnovation Center for Biomedical Informatics, Georgetown University Medical Center, 2115 Wisconsin Ave NW, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
Hui ZhengDepartment of Surgery, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
Sonam KumariNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health.
Ruzong FanDepartment of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics and Biomathematics, Georgetown University Medical Center, 4000 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
Serenity BuddCenter for Biostatistics, Informatics and Data Science at MedStar Health Research Institute, 10980 Grantchester Way, 7th Floor, Columbia, MD 21044, USA.
Wen LeeDepartment of Pathology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, 110 Irving St NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
Jennifer RosenDepartment of Surgery, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
Vasyl VaskoDepartment of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
Leonard WartofskyMedStar Health Research Institute.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2183-6929
Jason M BrenchleyLaboratory of Viral Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health.
Michael B AtkinsGeorgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, 3800 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3901-9924
Joanna Klubo-GwiezdzinskaNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8633-4420
Kenneth D BurmanDepartment of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA.

Funding

Tissue Culture Shared ResourceP30CA051008 · NCI · GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY · PI Habtom W Ressom · 1990 to 2026
$71.5M
NCI NIH HHS P30 CA051008
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Thyroid cancer (TC) exhibits sex-based disparities in incidence, progression, and outcomes, with women of reproductive age exhibiting more favorable prognoses than men. This study investigates sex differences in immune cell dynamics within peripheral blood and the tumor microenvironment (TME) in TC. Methods: We performed a prospective study of 27 patients (16 females/11 males) undergoing thyroidectomy for TC or high-risk thyroid nodules. Tissue and blood were collected for immune cell analysis using flow cytometry and spatial transcriptomics. Differential-expression of immune-related genes was assessed with DESeq2, and immune cell frequencies were compared between sexes. Results: Males showed higher frequencies of dividing natural killer (NK) cells (9.67 vs 1.29, Conclusion: Our study reveals significant sex-based differences in immune cell composition and gene expression within the TME of TC. Males exhibit a more immunosuppressive profile, with higher levels of inhibitory immune markers and lower frequencies of functional NK cells. Our findings highlight the importance of incorporating sex-specific immune profiles into development of targeted therapies for advanced TC.

Indexed as

sex difference in thyroid cancerthyroid cancer immune responsethyroid cancer tumor microenvironment

Identifiers

PMID41357855
PMCPMC12678754

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.