ArticleFrontiers in cell and developmental biology2025
Acetylcholine in the gingival epithelium drives the pathogenesis of periodontitis.
Article in Frontiers in cell and developmental biology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Periodontitis is a highly prevalent chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the progressive destruction of periodontal tissues, which can lead to tooth loss and affect systemic health. This pathological process is driven by both epithelial barrier disruption and a self-perpetuating cycle of dysregulated inflammatory immune responses. Although neurotransmitters, including acetylcholine, are abundant in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid, their role as key mediators of immune homeostasis in the pathogenesis of periodontitis remains poorly understood. Methods: Utilizing single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data (205,334 cells, 40 human gingival samples) and gingival spatial transcriptomics data (46,230-25 μm Results: Our findings reveal that cholinergic signals change with the progression of periodontitis and that gingival epithelial cells possess an extensive distribution of non-α7-type nicotinic receptors. The acetylcholine-degrading enzyme, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), is primarily expressed by myeloid immune cells that extensively infiltrate the epithelium, and its expression is significantly upregulated following periodontal treatment. In human oral keratinocytes (HOKs), acetylcholine played a dual role: it promoted epithelial barrier repair by reversing Conclusion: In conclusion, our results reveal a complex, multifaceted role for acetylcholine in periodontal pathogenesis, highlighting its ability to both protect the epithelial barrier and drive inflammatory tissue destruction. These findings establish a new "neuro-epithelial-immune axis" in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease and reveal potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
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