Observational studyJournal for immunotherapy of cancer2025
PD-L1 phenotype classification based on expression in tumor and immune cells as a potential biomarker for optimizing anti-PD-1/CTLA-4 immunotherapies in NSCLC.
Observational study in Journal for immunotherapy of cancer, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Clinical research advances in thoracic surgery and thoracic oncology in 2025: a panoramic narrative review.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Review
- Understanding Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Biology, Therapeutics and Drug Resistance.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Induction of immunogenic cell death by active components of natural products reshaping the tumor microenvironment for enhanced antitumor immunity.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
21 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCompared with conventional chemotherapy, pembrolizumab-based chemoimmunotherapy (Pembro) and nivolumab plus ipilimumab with or without two cycles of platinum-doublet chemotherapy (Nivo+Ipi) improve survival in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, biomarkers for selecting optimal immunotherapy remain unclear. This study aimed to assess whether programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression on tumor and immune cells (ICs) can guide first-line immunotherapy in advanced NSCLC.
methodsThis multicenter, observational study retrospectively reviewed patients with NSCLC treated with first-line Pembro or Nivo+Ipi who had evaluable PD-L1 expression on tumor (Tumor Proportion Score (TPS), 22C3) and ICs score (SP142). In addition, whole-exome and RNA sequencing were performed on treatment-naïve NSCLCs with available PD-L1 expression status by both assays.
resultsBetween 2019 and 2023, 198 patients were included (Pembro/Nivo+Ipi: 137/61). In the Pembro cohort, patients with high TPS (≥ 50%) had significantly longer progression-free survival (PFS) than those with low TPS (< 50%) (median PFS (mPFS, months): 8.1 vs 7.1; p=0.02), while IC score was not predictive. In the Nivo+Ipi cohort, high IC score (≥1) was associated with longer PFS than low IC score (0) (mPFS: 7.7 vs 2.8; p=0.04), while TPS showed no impact. Among patients with low TPS/high IC scores, Nivo+Ipi achieved longer PFS than Pembro (mPFS: 12.4 vs 6.6; restricted mean survival time (RMST)
conclusionsPatients with NSCLC and low TPS/high IC scores may benefit more from Nivo+Ipi than from Pembro due to distinct genomic and immunological features, including high TMB and T
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