Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41361404›Full record

SynthesisBMC pulmonary medicine2025

The prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifampicin-resistance strains using GeneXpert-MTB/RIF assay in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Mengistu Abayneh, Ahmed Zeynudin, Yared Alemu, Teshome Degefa, Abdulhakim Abamecha, Mulualem Tadesse, Abraham Tamirat Gizaw

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in BMC pulmonary medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Mengistu AbaynehSchool of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, Institute of Health, Jimma University, PO Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia. menge.abay@gmail.com.
Ahmed ZeynudinSchool of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, Institute of Health, Jimma University, PO Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia.
Yared AlemuSchool of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, Institute of Health, Jimma University, PO Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia.
Teshome DegefaSchool of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, Institute of Health, Jimma University, PO Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia.
Abdulhakim AbamechaSchool of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, Institute of Health, Jimma University, PO Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia.
Mulualem TadesseSchool of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, Institute of Health, Jimma University, PO Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia.
Abraham Tamirat GizawSchool of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe spread of tuberculosis (TB), including strains resistant to at least rifampicin and/or isoniazid, remains a major public health problem in developing nations, yet few comprehensive and comparative data on TB have been produced. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to determine the pooled prevalence of TB in general and rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) among presumptive TB patients across different demographic groups in Ethiopia. A presumptive TB patient is someone who shows symptoms or risk factors suggestive of tuberculosis and therefore requires testing.

methodsFor this systematic reviews and meta-analysis PubMed, and Google Scholar databases were searched. In addition, relevant studies were also searched from the bibliographies of eligible studies and from other meta-analysis studies. A selection and inclusion-exclusion process for the required articles was made as per the study objectives and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines and the Joanna Briggs Institute's (JBI) essential appraisal tools were followed during the entire protocol development. The pooled prevalence of TB in general and RR-TB among different demographic categories was estimated with a random-effects model on Statistical Software Package (STATA) version 14.0.

resultsA total of 39 research articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria for this systematic review and meta-analysis. The overall pooled prevalence estimates of TB in general and RR-TB were 15% (95% CI; 0.13-0.17) and 8% (95% CI; 0.07-0.10), respectively. The pooled prevalence of each pulmonary TB and extrapulmonary TB cases was equally 15%, and the pooled prevalence of RR-TB was 8% and 9%, respectively. The pooled prevalence of TB among male and female was 15%, and 13%, whereas RR-TB was detected in 10% and 9% of the TB cases, respectively. Among adults and children, the pooled prevalence of TB was 15% and 13%, whereas RR-TB was detected in 9% and 8% of the TB cases, respectively. The pooled prevalence of TB among newly diagnosed and previous treated TB cases was 13% and 22%, whereas RR-TB was 7% and 17%, respectively. Among HIV-positive cases, the pooled prevalence of TB was 20%, whereas the RR-TB was detected in 13% of TB-HIV cases.

conclusionThis meta-analysis report concluded that the pooled prevalence of TB in general and RR-TB was high across various demographic categories in Ethiopia. Hence, the finding highlights the need to implement integrated intervention approaches such as early case detection, rapid diagnosis, treatment adherence support, and contact tracing to reduce the continued spreading of TB infections, with an emphasis on reducing the spread of drug- resistant TB strains.

Indexed as

Antibiotics, AntitubercularMycobacterium tuberculosisRifampinTuberculosisTuberculosis, Multidrug-ResistantDrug Resistance, BacterialEthiopiaHumansPrevalenceAntibiotics, AntitubercularRifampinEthiopiaGeneXpert-MTB/RIF assayRifampicin-resistanceTuberculosis

Identifiers

PMID41361404
PMCPMC12801861

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.