ArticleBMC public health2025
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with elevated blood concentrations of ethylene oxide.
Article in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundEthylene oxide (EtO) has recently been linked to increased oxidative stress and related health disorders. Conversely, 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations are a well-recognized antioxidant with protective roles against oxidative damage. However, it remains unclear whether vitamin D deficiency is associated with elevated blood concentrations of EtO. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the potential relationship between vitamin D deficiency and circulating EtO concentrations in the general population.
methodsA total of 4125 adults who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013–2016 were analyzed. Participants were divided into 3 groups: vitamin D sufficiency [25(OH)D ≥ 75.0 nmol/L], insufficiency [25(OH)D: 50–74.9 nmol/L], and deficiency [25(OH)D < 50.0 nmol/L]. Adjusted linear and restricted cubic spline regression models were performed to evaluate the associations between vitamin D concentrations and blood concentrations of EtO.
resultsCompared with participants with vitamin D sufficiency, the adjusted mean EtO level was approximately 0.15 and 0.35 log-units higher in the presence of vitamin D insufficiency and vitamin D deficiency (P for trend < 0.01). The adjusted percent difference with a 95% confidence interval in EtO per interquartile range increase in 25(OH)D was − 1.17 (-1.71, -0.60). A restricted cubic spline model demonstrated that 25(OH)D concentrations are nonlinearly and inversely associated with blood concentrations of EtO (P for nonlinearity = 0.04).
conclusionOur findings suggest that vitamin D deficiency is associated with an elevated blood concentration of EtO in a nationally representative sample of the United States population. Further research is warranted to understand how vitamin D may have a role in reducing blood concentrations of EtO.
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