Evidence mapPaperPMID 41361501Full record

ArticleJournal of health, population, and nutrition2025

Association between a dietary index for gut microbiota and frailty in U.S. adults aged 40 and older: evidence from NHANES 1999-2018.

Liang Luo, Kaiying He, Min Zhang, Wansong Wang, Cuili Lin, Shiwan Guo

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Article in Journal of health, population, and nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

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6 authors.

Liang Luo *Department of Otolaryngology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
Kaiying He *Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350000, China.
Min Zhang *Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
Wansong WangDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
Cuili LinFujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350000, China.
Shiwan GuoDepartment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, 341000, China. gsw006216@163.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundFrailty is an increasing public health concern, and diet is a key modifiable factor in its management. However, it remains unclear whether the dietary index for gut microbiota (DI-GM), which reflects gut-supporting dietary patterns, is associated with frailty. We therefore examined this association in U.S. adults.

methodsIn this population-based cross-sectional study, we used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2018, including adults aged ≥ 40 years. Frailty was measured using a 49-item frailty index. We conducted weighted multivariable logistic regression to estimate the association between DI-GM and frailty. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) models were fitted to explore potential non-linear relationships. Threshold effect analyses were performed to identify cut-off points in this association.

resultsA total of 16,646 participants were included, of whom 5,862 were classified as frail. After multivariable adjustment, each point increase in DI-GM was associated with an 8% lower odds of frailty (OR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.89–0.96). RCS analysis showed a nonlinear association between DI-GM and frailty (p for nonlinearity = 0.003), with an inflection point at a DI-GM score of 5. Segmental logistic regression indicated that when DI-GM ≥ 5, frailty risk decreased as DI-GM increased (OR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.79–0.90). Further sex-stratified analysis revealed that higher DI-GM scores were linked to lower frailty risk in females (OR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.86–0.93), while no such association was observed in males (OR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.91–1.03; p for interaction = 0.005).

conclusionDI-GM was nonlinearly associated with frailty in middle-aged and older adults, with a negative association observed after reaching a specific threshold. Additionally, this association was observed in females but not in males. This is the first study to demonstrate a nonlinear, sex-specific relationship between DI-GM and frailty.

Indexed as

DietFrailtyGastrointestinal MicrobiomeAdultAgedCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNutrition SurveysUnited StatesDietFrailtyGut microbiotaNHANESSex differences

Identifiers

PMID41361501
PMCPMC12797849

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.